Spotted Tail was a Sicangu Lakota chief in the 1800s (the Rosebud Indian Reservation, the reservation that Mary grew up in, is a Sicangu Lakota reservation). After being imprisoned in the eastern U.S., Spotted Tail returned to his people with the knowledge that white people had far more resources than the Lakota. He believed that “it was useless […] to try to resist the wasičuns [white people],” so he avoided war and tried to cooperate with the U.S. government in order to protect his people. Although this kept them from getting killed in battle, the government nonetheless forced his people onto under-resourced reservations and made them culturally assimilate. The implication is that trying to cooperate with oppressors does not lead to meaningful change and can, as in Spotted Tail’s case, cause more persecution.