The American Indian Movement (AIM) was a political and cultural movement founded in Minneapolis, Minnesota in 1968. Its original purpose was to protest the police brutality and systemic poverty that affected urban Native Americans, but…
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1973 Occupation of Wounded Knee
The Occupation of Wounded Knee (which Mary also calls the Siege of Wounded Knee) was an act of protest led by American Indian Movement (AIM) activists and members of the Oglala Sioux Civil Rights Organization…
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1890 Wounded Knee Massacre
The Wounded Knee Massacre was a massacre of Lakota people by U.S. soldiers on Pine Ridge Reservation. In the late 1800s, many Lakota began practicing the Ghost Dance, a ceremony that white settlers and…
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Ghost Dance
The Ghost Dance is a Native American religious movement that started in the late 1800s, and that multiple tribes incorporated into their beliefs. According to Wovoka, a Paiute spiritual leader who received the Ghost…
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Peyote
Peyote is a type of cactus that has psychoactive properties. Many Native American tribes smoke or otherwise consume peyote for spiritual and medicinal purposes.
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The Trail of Broken Treaties was a 1972 caravan protest, in which multiple Native American groups drove across the country to converge at Washington, D.C. to advocate for Native American civil rights. The American Indian…
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Yuwipi
Yuwipi is a Lakota ceremony that’s performed when a person “wants to find something—something that can be touched, or something that exists only in the mind.” In her memoir, Mary explains that people may request…
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Oglala Sioux Civil Rights Organization (OSCRO)
The Oglala Sioux Civil Rights Organization (OSCRO) was a group of Oglala Lakota who opposed Richard “Dicky” Wilson as tribal president of Pine Ridge Reservation. Along with activists from the American Indian Movement (AIM)…
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