Monster

by

Walter Dean Myers

Monster: Tuesday, July 14th Summary & Analysis

Summary
Analysis
In his notes, Steve recounts that O’Brien is worried about their defense; she says that Bobo’s testimony looks bad for Steve, and Briggs is going to try to attach King to Steve because Steve looks like a decent guy. When Steve asks O’Brien if they’re going to lose his case, she says no, but he doesn’t believe her. It all seems overwhelming to Steve, like the problem continually grows and swells. Steve realizes he’s just like all the other prisoners, lying to themselves that everything will turn out alright. He wonders if lying to themselves landed them in jail in the first place. Steve thinks about the life he is losing, about Jerry, and understands why the guards take the inmates’ shoelaces and belts. O’Brien advises Steve to make a list of everyone he loves and admires and who loves him back. He writes down Mr. Sawicki two times.
The fact that Briggs will try to attach Steve to his own client King, since the association will benefit King though it will certainly hurt Steve, suggests that Steve is again not being treated as a human being but merely as a pawn between lawyers in which they each try to use him to increase their own strategic advantage. This is again dehumanizing to Steve, since he loses the right and power to be a person unto himself with his own personality and agency, and instead becomes nothing more than a tool. Steve’s understanding of why inmates are not allowed to keep their belts suggests that he is feeling so hopeless as to be potentially suicidal.
Themes
Dehumanization and Racism Theme Icon
Injustice Theme Icon
Quotes
The screenplay resumes inside the courtroom. King’s cousin is on the stand. Briggs questions her, and she testifies that King was at her house on the afternoon of the murder, giving her a lamp he’d bought for her. However, when Petrocelli cross-examines her, King’s cousin admits that she no longer has the lamp, does not know how much it cost, and does not know where King would have gotten the money to pay for it, since he didn’t have a job.
King’s cousin’s inability to recall specific details suggests that she is lying to provide King with an alibi and absolve him of the murder. This again demonstrates the unreliability of witness testimony in court and the manner in which cases built on potential lies cannot possibly reveal the truth of an incident.
Themes
Lies and Self-Interest Theme Icon
Quotes
Briggs brings another witness to testify that King is left-handed and Mr. Nesbitt was shot from an angle that suggests a right-handed shooter, but the questioning is brief and O’Brien tells Steve that it’s a weak argument. Steve recalls Mr. Sawicki telling his film students that if a director is using too many flourishes or extraneous details, it means he’s afraid of the story’s weakness.
Steve’s memory of his lesson in film theory directly applies to Briggs’s weak line of questioning, suggesting that Briggs knows that there is no good way to defend King, who certainly seems guilty. The fact that Briggs must defend him anyway again suggests that lies and deceit are simply a part of the courtroom’s functioning.
Themes
Lies and Self-Interest Theme Icon
In a separate meeting room, O’Brien counsels Steve that he needs to testify to present himself to the jury as a good, innocent kid. He also needs to break his association with King as much as possible, since that is Petrocelli’s strongest argument for Steve’s supposed guilt. O’Brien is confident that Briggs won’t let King testify, because King blatantly lied in his statement to the police when he was arrested, and he’s trying to look tough and surly, which already moves the jury against him. King’s cousin’s testimony won’t hold water either way.
O’Brien’s counsel that Steve needs to shift the jury’s perception of him from a monster or King’s associate to a regular, decent kid suggests that in a criminal trial, perception is everything. This again suggests that criminal trials are not fact-based pursuits of truth but subjective affairs based on lies, half-truths, or the jury’s perception of each defendant.
Themes
Dehumanization and Racism Theme Icon
Lies and Self-Interest Theme Icon
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O’Brien sits at the table across from Steve with a paper cup and explains that she is going to coach him by playing a game. She’ll ask questions like a prosecutor. If Steve gives a good answer, she’ll turn the cup facing up. If he gives a bad answer, she’ll turn the cup upside down until Steve figures out what was wrong with his answer. As she asks Steve practice questions about his association with King and when he last spoke to him, angling for vague answers, the scene fades away.
Without explicitly saying so, O’Brien is teaching Steve how to doctor his answers, or how to lie. Although it would be easy to simply call such behavior wrong, this coaching is in service of protecting Steve from an arguably unjust prosecution and completely disproportionate criminal sentence. This gives nuance to the role of lying in court, demonstrating that lies can be used for an arguably just cause, as well.
Themes
Lies and Self-Interest Theme Icon
Injustice Theme Icon
In his cell at night, Steve overhears two inmates talking about how they can’t tell the truth while they testify or they’ll be locked up longer. One of them says that truth doesn’t exist anymore, that “the prosecutor talks about looking for the truth when they really mean a way to stick you under the jail.”
Once again, the role of truth in the legal system becomes nuanced and complicated by the fact that even the prosecutor is not looking for truth, but only the means to win the case and earn the conviction.
Themes
Lies and Self-Interest Theme Icon
Quotes
The scene cuts back to the courtroom. Steve is on the witness stand while O’Brien questions him. O’Brien asks several questions about whether Steve has any connection at all to the crime, the drugstore, or if he was there on the day of the robbery. Steve states that he was not present or involved in any way, nor did he ever agree to be. O’Brien sits and Petrocelli takes her place. She begins questioning Steve about his relationship with King, and Steve responds that he only knows him because King hangs around the playground where the neighborhood kids play ball. He didn’t see him at any point in December. Steve admits that he knows Osvaldo, but denies that he knows Bobo.
Steve’s earlier private admissions in his narrative heavily suggest that he was in the drugstore on the day of the murder and imply that he did cooperate with King. If this is true, then Steve undeniably lies on the witness stand, under oath. However, Steve’s lies, which seem unjust on their own, are made for the sake of avoiding an unjust sentence and losing his future and potential as a human being to a long and useless prison sentence. This makes Steve’s position both nuanced and morally ambiguous.
Themes
Lies and Self-Interest Theme Icon
Injustice Theme Icon
Quotes
Petrocelli tries to insinuate that Steve was at the drugstore on the day of the robbery, recalling Bobo and Cruz’s testimonies, but Steve continually denies it, stating that he was scouting locations for a film about his neighborhood every day of Christmas break. Multiple times, Petrocelli asks illegitimate leading questions, prompting rebuke from Briggs, O’Brien, and the judge who warns her to stop. Petrocelli ends her questioning, “satisfied.” Steve returns nervously to his seat. His parents nod encouragingly. O’Brien writes a note for him to “take deep breaths.”
Steve’s apparent lies and Petrocelli’s obvious manipulations and illegal leading questions demonstrate that neither the prosecution nor the defense are above moral reproach. This complicates the perception of truth and lies under oath while also demonstrating the general injustice of the justice system and its inability to unveil the actual truth of an event or find true justice for Mr. Nesbitt’s death.
Themes
Lies and Self-Interest Theme Icon
Injustice Theme Icon
O’Brien calls Mr. Sawicki to testify to Steve’s character. Mr. Sawicki describes Steve as an honest, upstanding young man whom he admires very much. Petrocelli cross-examines Mr. Sawicki and argues that since the teacher only sees Steve at school, he could not know how Steve acts at home in his own neighborhood. Mr. Sawicki disagrees, however, and states that Steve makes very honest films that show a deep sense of humanity and that look for the most positive elements of his neighborhood. The screenplay briefly cuts to a shot of Steve, lying in his cell bed, “soaked with sweat” and breathing hard.
Mr. Sawicki’s testimony importantly disrupts Steve’s fraudulent testimony to remind the reader that although Steve seems to have just lied under oath, he is fundamentally a kind and sensitive young man. Mr. Sawicki’s character witness thus highlights Steve’s humanity, which again morally complicates the concept of him lying to protect himself from a disproportionate and arguably unjust sentence.
Themes
Dehumanization and Racism Theme Icon
Lies and Self-Interest Theme Icon
Injustice Theme Icon
Quotes
Back in the courtroom, Briggs makes his closing argument for the defense of James King. Briggs argues that Petrocelli’s prosecution does not have a single witness to the actual murder and relies entirely on testimony from admitted criminals Bobo and Osvaldo, both of whom are obviously trying to minimize their own roles in the murder. Ms. Henry did see two men enter the store, it’s true, but did not immediately recognize King.
Although King certainly seems guilty of Mr. Nesbitt’s murder, Briggs’s point that the prosecution relies entirely on subjective witness testimonies rightly suggests that the trial has little basis in the truth, but is rather constituted by a bunch of subjective, self-interested, potentially fraudulent accounts of a single event.
Themes
Lies and Self-Interest Theme Icon
Briggs thus argues that King did not enter the store with Bobo; Osvaldo did. One of them shot Mr. Nesbitt. When he was arrested, Bobo needed someone to rat on to earn a lenient sentence for himself, so he picked King at random from his known associates. All evidence that Petrocelli produced is subject to reasonable doubt, and thus the jury cannot justifiably convict King of the murder. While Briggs speaks, the people in the courtroom look bored.
After pointing out the fact that the trial has little truth to actually rest on, it is ironic that Briggs then flatly lies, claiming that King is innocent when even Briggs appears to know King is guilty. Once again, this demonstrates that even attorneys habitually lie and everyone involved in the trial is more concerned with personal gain than the truth.
Themes
Lies and Self-Interest Theme Icon
O’Brien then summarizes her defense of Steve Harmon. She argues that even the prosecution was only able to establish a minimal connection between Steve and the robbery, based entirely on unreliable testimonies and the fact that Steve had once seen Bobo Evans. If Steve did exit the drugstore on that day, he apparently gave no signal, and the most reliable witness testimony (Ms. Henry’s) confirms Steve’s own account that he was not in the drugstore at all, since she did not see him.
Again, the fact that Petrocelli sought either a major prison sentence or even the death penalty for Steve, despite being able to only establish a minimal connection between him and Mr. Nesbitt’s death, suggests that the justice system and its methods of sentencing are themselves unjust, especially when targeting young black kids like Steve.
Themes
Injustice Theme Icon
O’Brien argues that even Bobo’s testimony suggests that only he and King had any contact with each other after the murder, again removing Steve from the plot. Both Osvaldo and Bobo’s plea deals are dependent on other people being prosecuted, meaning they have a vested interest in framing Steve, and their testimonies are thus unreliable. Bobo is using and discarding Steve’s life just like he murdered Mr. Nesbitt and left him on the floor. Thus far, Steve is the only witness charged with a crime whose character seems legitimately defensible and admirable. In light of all these things, O’Brien believes that Steve’s guilt has not been credibly proven and the jury must judge him not guilty.
O’Brien’s closing argument effectively sums up all of the novel’s described abuses by the justice system: dehumanization, since Steve is assumed to be exactly the same sort of person as Osvaldo, Bobo, and King; fraudulent testimonies, since the prosecution’s case is established on self-interested, unreliable witnesses; and injustice, since the prosecution is bent on convicting Steve despite a general lack of evidence that connects him with the murder and demonstrates his responsibility for it.
Themes
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Lies and Self-Interest Theme Icon
Injustice Theme Icon
Petrocelli takes her turn for closing remarks, arguing that the defense is trying to focus the jury on the admittedly poor character of criminal witnesses rather than the fact that Mr. Nesbitt was murdered and deserves justice. Ms. Henry and José Delgado have no ulterior motives in testifying, and although Bobo and Osvaldo obviously do, their testimonies corroborate each other. Three witnesses testify that King entered the drugstore at the time of the robbery. Bobo testifies that Steve was the lookout.
Although Petrocelli argues that she is trying to get justice for Mr. Nesbitt’s death, convicting and locking away a young kid like Steve based on flimsy evidence for the mere crime of walking into and out of a store do not seem like justice but injustice, and Petrocelli thus seems less interested in justice than in attaining a professional win.
Themes
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Injustice Theme Icon
Petrocelli argues that the only possible version of events that fits all available evidence is the state’s accusation, and King and Steve Harmon are thus both fully culpable for Mr. Nesbitt’s death. They each played their part and made their contribution. King is obviously closely associated with Bobo Evans, so there is little doubt as to his guilt. Steve Harmon can try to distance himself from the murder or rationalize it, but he made the “moral decision” to participate in a robbery with the hope of a payoff. Nobody can bring Mr. Nesbitt back, but the jury can bring his murderers to justice.
Despite Petrocelli’s character flaws, manipulation, and self-interest, her claim that Steve made a “moral decision” does make a critical point: regardless of whether the reader feels that Steve does or does not deserve the sentence Petrocelli is trying to pin him with, he did make the decision to go along with King, and thus should bear the burden of conscience for Mr. Nesbitt’s death to some degree, even if it is not truly his fault. Even if he is not guilty of what the prosecution says he is, neither does he seem totally innocent.
Themes
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Endemic Violence Theme Icon
Injustice Theme Icon
The jurors convene and speak with the judge, who states that if they believe either King or Steve were involved in the robbery that led to Mr. Nesbitt’s death, regardless of whether they themselves fired the gun, the jury must give a guilty verdict of felony murder. As the judge speaks, the camera cuts to various American symbols throughout the courtroom: the flag, a mural of George Washington, and so on.
The judge’s statement that Steve must be fully culpable for Mr. Nesbitt’s death if he had any involvement in the attempted robbery whatsoever may be technically true, according to law, but it certainly seems unjust in itself, since Steve committed no violence and meant no harm himself.
Themes
Injustice Theme Icon
Steve sits in a holding cell with King. Steve admits that he’s scared, but King seems unbothered, and states that “if the man wants you, he got you. Ain’t nothing to it.” A smirking guard tells Steve and King that they’ve started a betting pool on how much prison time they’ll get. The other guys are betting they get 25 years to life. The guard asks if Steve or King want to bet. Steve puts his head in his hands, but the guard asks again. The camera cuts to Steve in the jail’s cafeteria, trying to avoid looking at King. A fight breaks out near him. The camera cuts to Steve in his cell, and then to a group of inmates playing a friendly game of dominoes as if they weren’t in jail.
 The guard’s callousness towards Steve, who is visibly shaken, is shocking. Betting on whether or not Steve will get a life sentence completely ignores the fact that for Steve, the outcome of this trial will dictate the course of the rest of his life. Once again, the guard’s callousness demonstrates how both the court system and the prison system dehumanize individuals such as Steve on every level, treating their own emotional pain and duress as a flippant joke.
Themes
Dehumanization and Racism Theme Icon