The Curious Case of Benjamin Button

by

F. Scott Fitzgerald

Themes and Colors
Age, Development, and Identity Theme Icon
Reputation, Gossip, and Scandal Theme Icon
Expectations and Acceptance Theme Icon
Support and Caretaking Theme Icon
LitCharts assigns a color and icon to each theme in The Curious Case of Benjamin Button, which you can use to track the themes throughout the work.
Expectations and Acceptance Theme Icon

The Curious Case of Benjamin Button demonstrates how hard it can be to face other people’s assumptions and expectations. For Benjamin Button, who’s born with a condition that causes him to age backwards, this means constantly having to behave the way other people think he should. His father, for one, wants him to play the part of a dutiful firstborn son. Meanwhile, the rest of society wants him to act in accordance with his physical appearance, which is often out of step with his actual age. As Benjamin tries to navigate these different expectations, he ends up with very little room to live the way he wants, at least without disappointing certain people in his life. No matter what he does, it seems that he’ll inevitably fail to live up to some expectations, even as he simultaneously fulfills others. By highlighting this double-bind, the story implies that people shouldn’t focus too much on what others expect of them, since doing so is ultimately futile. Instead, people ought to live life on their own terms.

From the beginning of his life, Benjamin is pressured to live up to his father’s expectations. These expectations exist for Benjamin before he even meets his father. Mr. Button fantasizes about Benjamin’s future as he makes his way to the hospital to see him for the first time, hoping that his son will eventually go to Yale University (just like Mr. Button himself). Given that his father already harbors these aspirations for his son, it’s clear that Benjamin—with his unique reverse-aging condition—will have an uphill battle when it comes to pleasing his father.

The problem that Benjamin encounters, though, isn’t just that his father has high hopes for him—it’s that Mr. Button’s expectations basically ignore reality, since he wants Benjamin to act in ways that are completely out of touch with who he is. Benjamin’s condition, after all, is both physical and mental—meaning that he doesn’t just look like an old man but also thinks and feels like one. The fact that his father insists that he act like a little boy thus forces him to be someone he’s not. This is this the case when Mr. Button brings home a baby rattle one day and orders Benjamin to “play with it”—a demand that seems ridiculous given that what Benjamin actually wants to do is sit around smoking cigars and reading an encyclopedia. Later, Mr. Button makes Benjamin play with children his own (numerical) age, and when Benjamin accidentally breaks a window one day, his father is happy about it because he sees this as the behavior of a stereotypical little boy. From this point on, Benjamin purposely breaks something every day, but he only does this because it’s “expected of him.” It’s clear, then, that he’s eager to please his father, but this means sacrificing the existence that he—Benjamin—wants to lead.

Of course, Mr. Button isn’t the only one to force certain expectations on Benjamin—society as a whole also assumes that he’ll act a certain way, and this conflicts with Benjamin’s desire to please his father. Specifically, strangers take it for granted that he’ll behave like whatever age he appears to be. On the whole, this shouldn’t be much of a problem, since Benjamin genuinely feels however old he looks. But he often finds himself torn between expectations, since his father wants him to act his numerical age while everyone else wants him to act his physical age. This is a difficult dynamic to navigate, and it illustrates that it’s impossible to please everybody at once. This inability to live up to conflicting expectations is especially pronounced when Benjamin finally fulfills his father’s wish that he attend Yale University. Having managed to please his father, he’s suddenly forced to face the fact that nobody outside his immediate family sees him as an 18-year-old, because he doesn’t look 18. The registrar, for one, refuses to believe Benjamin’s true age, calling him a “dangerous lunatic” for trying to infiltrate a freshman class as a middle-aged man. The registrar yells at him to leave, at which point an angry mob of students chase Benjamin away while shouting insults. By simply trying to satisfy his father, then, Benjamin is forced into a humiliating and degrading situation—one in which he has to confront the fact that his father’s expectations of him are at odds with everyone else’s.

Because trying to straddle multiple sets of expectations at the same time is so difficult, Benjamin seems most happy in the rare moments when he can just exist on his own terms. This happens in the middle of his life, when his outward appearance more or less matches up with his actual age—a period when nobody expects anything unreasonable of him. Unfortunately, though, this only lasts so long. His wife, Hildegarde, married him because of his maturity, so the fact that he gradually loses this maturity means that he increasingly fails to be the person she expects him to be. As a result, their marriage gradually falls apart—meaning that yet another one of Benjamin’s relationships suffers due to his inability to live up to another person’s expectations.

It isn’t until Benjamin becomes a very young child that he regains the kind of unbothered happiness he enjoyed in the middle of his life, when everyone simply accepted him for who he was. This is because he stops trying to be something he’s not; by the time he looks and acts like a toddler, nobody tries to force him into being anything other than a mere child. And this is fine with him, because he can’t even remember that he is, in reality, quite old. The fact that this is seemingly the happiest period of Benjamin’s life tragically illustrates how pointless it is to try to conform to society’s many expectations—an endeavor that is at best impossible and at worst detrimental to a person’s overall happiness and well-being.

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Expectations and Acceptance Quotes in The Curious Case of Benjamin Button

Below you will find the important quotes in The Curious Case of Benjamin Button related to the theme of Expectations and Acceptance.
Chapter 1 Quotes

The Roger Buttons held an enviable position, both social and financial, in ante-bellum Baltimore. They were related to the This Family and the That Family, which, as every Southerner knew, entitled them to membership in that enormous peerage which largely populated the Confederacy. This was their first experience with the charming old custom of having babies—Mr. Button was naturally nervous. He hoped it would be a boy so that he could be sent to Yale College in Connecticut, at which institution Mr. Button himself had been known for four years by the somewhat obvious nickname of “Cuff.”

Related Characters: Benjamin Button, Roger Button
Related Literary Devices:
Page Number: 159
Explanation and Analysis:

The cool perspiration redoubled on Mr. Button’s forehead. He closed his eyes, and then, opening them, looked again. There was no mistake—he was gazing at a man of threescore and ten—a baby of threescore and ten, a baby whose feet hung over the sides of the crib in which it was reposing.

The old man looked placidly from one to the other for a moment, and then suddenly spoke in a cracked and ancient voice. “Are you my father?” he demanded.

Mr. Button and the nurse started violently.

“Because if you are,” went on the old man querulously, “I wish you’d get me out of this place—or, at least, get them to put a comfortable rocker in here.”

Related Characters: Benjamin Button (speaker), Roger Button, The Nurse
Related Literary Devices:
Page Number: 162
Explanation and Analysis:
Chapter 2 Quotes

“They look sort of funny to me,” he complained. “I don’t want to be made a monkey of—”

“You’ve made a monkey of me!” retorted Mr. Button fiercely. “Never you mind how funny you look. Put them on—or I’ll—or I’ll spank you.” He swallowed uneasily at the penultimate word, feeling nevertheless that it was the proper thing to say.

“All right, father”—this with a grotesque simulation of filial respect—“you’ve lived longer; you know best. Just as you say.”

As before, the sound of the word “father” caused Mr. Button to start violently.

Related Characters: Benjamin Button (speaker), Roger Button (speaker)
Page Number: 164
Explanation and Analysis:

The remaining brush of scraggly hair, the watery eyes, the ancient teeth, seemed oddly out of tone with the gayety of the costume. Mr. Button, however, was obdurate—he held out his hand. “Come along!” he said sternly.

His son took the hand trustingly. “What are you going to call me, dad?” he quavered as they walked from the nursery—“just ‘baby’ for a while? till you think of a better name?”

Mr. Button grunted. “I don’t know,” he answered harshly. “I think we’ll call you Methuselah.”

Related Characters: Benjamin Button (speaker), Roger Button (speaker)
Related Literary Devices:
Page Number: 165
Explanation and Analysis:
Chapter 3 Quotes

But Mr. Button persisted in his unwavering purpose. Benjamin was a baby, and a baby he should remain. At first he declared that if Benjamin didn’t like warm milk he could go without food altogether, but he was finally prevailed upon to allow his son bread and butter, and even oatmeal by way of a compromise. One day he brought home a rattle and, giving it to Benjamin, insisted in no uncertain terms that he should “play with it,” whereupon the old man took it with a weary expression and could be heard jingling it obediently at intervals throughout the day.

Related Characters: Benjamin Button, Roger Button
Related Symbols: The Colorful Paper
Page Number: 166
Explanation and Analysis:

Benjamin, once he left the hospital, took life as he found it. Several small boys were brought to see him, and he spent a stiff-jointed afternoon trying to work up an interest in tops and marbles—he even managed, quite accidentally, to break a kitchen window with a stone from a sling shot, a feat which secretly delighted his father.

Thereafter Benjamin contrived to break something every day, but he did these things only because they were expected of him, and because he was by nature obliging.

Related Characters: Benjamin Button, Roger Button
Page Number: 166
Explanation and Analysis:

When he was five he was sent to kindergarten, where he was initiated into the art of pasting green paper on orange paper, of weaving colored maps and manufacturing eternal cardboard necklaces. He was inclined to drowse off to sleep in the middle of these tasks, a habit which both irritated and frightened his young teacher. To his relief she complained to his parents, and he was removed from the school. The Roger Buttons told their friends that they felt he was too young.

By the time he was twelve years old his parents had grown used to him. Indeed, so strong is the force of custom that they no longer felt that he was different from any other child—except when some curious anomaly re- minded them of the fact.

Related Characters: Benjamin Button, Roger Button
Related Symbols: The Colorful Paper
Page Number: 167
Explanation and Analysis:
Chapter 4 Quotes

The word had gone around that a lunatic had passed the entrance examinations for Yale and attempted to palm himself off as a youth of eighteen. A fever of excitement permeated the college. Men ran hatless out of classes, the football team abandoned its practice and joined the mob, professors’ wives with bonnets awry and bustles out of position, ran shouting after the procession, from which proceeded a continual succession of remarks aimed at the tender sensibilities of Benjamin Button.

Related Characters: Benjamin Button, The Registrar
Page Number: 169
Explanation and Analysis:
Chapter 5 Quotes

“I’ve always said,” went on Hildegarde, “that I’d rather marry a man of fifty and be taken care of than marry a man of thirty and take care of him.”

Related Characters: Hildegarde Moncrief (speaker), Benjamin Button
Related Literary Devices:
Page Number: 171
Explanation and Analysis:
Chapter 6 Quotes

So many of the stories about her fiancé were false that Hildegarde refused stubbornly to believe even the true one. In vain General Moncrief pointed out to her the high mortality among men of fifty—or, at least, among men who looked fifty; in vain he told her of the instability of the wholesale hardware business. Hildegarde had chosen to marry for mellowness—and marry she did….

Related Characters: Benjamin Button, Hildegarde Moncrief, Roger Button, General Moncrief
Page Number: 172
Explanation and Analysis:
Chapter 7 Quotes

In the fifteen years between Benjamin Button’s marriage in 1880 and his father’s retirement in 1895, the family fortune was doubled—and this was due largely to the younger member of the firm.

Needless to say, Baltimore eventually received the couple to its bosom. Even old General Moncrief became reconciled to his son-in-law when Benjamin gave him the money to bring out his “History of the Civil War” in twenty volumes, which had been refused by nine prominent publishers.

Related Characters: Benjamin Button, Hildegarde Moncrief, Roger Button, General Moncrief
Page Number: 173
Explanation and Analysis:

In the early days of their marriage Benjamin had worshipped her. But, as the years passed, her honey-colored hair became an unexciting brown, the blue enamel of her eyes assumed the aspect of cheap crockery—moreover, and most of all, she had become too settled in her ways, too placid, too content, too anemic in her excitements, and too sober in her taste. As a bride it had been she who had “dragged” Benjamin to dances and dinners—now conditions were reversed. She went out socially with him, but without enthusiasm, devoured already by that eternal inertia which comes to live with each of us one day and stays with us to the end.

Related Characters: Benjamin Button, Hildegarde Moncrief, Roger Button, General Moncrief
Related Literary Devices:
Page Number: 173
Explanation and Analysis:
Chapter 8 Quotes

“Well,” he remarked lightly, “everybody says I look younger than ever.”

Hildegarde regarded him with scorn. She sniffed. “Do you think it’s anything to boast about?”

“I’m not boasting,” he asserted uncomfortably.

She sniffed again. “The idea,” she said, and after a moment: “I should think you’d have enough pride to stop it.”

“How can I?” he demanded.

“I’m not going to argue with you,” she retorted. “But there’s a right way of doing things and a wrong way. If you’ve made up your mind to be different from everybody else, I don’t suppose I can stop you, but I really don’t think it’s very considerate.”

Related Characters: Benjamin Button (speaker), Hildegarde Moncrief (speaker)
Page Number: 174
Explanation and Analysis:

“Look!” people would remark. “What a pity! A young fellow that age tied to a woman of forty-five. He must be twenty years younger than his wife.” They had forgotten—as people inevitably forget—that back in 1880 their mammas and papas had also remarked about this same ill-matched pair.

Related Characters: Benjamin Button, Hildegarde Moncrief
Page Number: 175
Explanation and Analysis:
Chapter 9 Quotes

“And another thing,” continued Roscoe, “when visitors are in the house I want you to call me ‘Uncle’—not ‘Roscoe,’ but ‘Uncle,’ do you understand? It looks absurd for a boy of fifteen to call me by my first name. Perhaps you’d better call me ‘Uncle’ all the time, so you’ll get used to it.”

With a harsh look at his father, Roscoe turned away. . . .

Related Characters: Roscoe Button (speaker), Benjamin Button
Page Number: 177
Explanation and Analysis: