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The Rwandan Genocide
Beads
Throughout The Girl Who Smiled Beads, beads symbolize the fragmented personal narrative and sense of self that is unique to the refugee experience. When Clemantine Wamariya is a girl in Rwanda, her nanny Mukamana…
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Mickey Mouse Backpack
Clemantine’s Mickey Mouse backpack—and specifically the loss of it—represents her sense of unbelonging as a refugee. Rob’s family in Uvira, Zaire initially gives her the backpack. While living with the family in Zaire…
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