The campaign of anti-communist purges and persecution in the United States in the decade after World War II, sometimes also known as the Second Red Scare. Senator Joseph McCarthy and other officials identified and investigated…
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Julius and Ethel Rosenberg were an American couple convicted of spying for the Soviet Union and executed in 1953.
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Joseph Stalin
The Soviet revolutionary and leader who took control of the Soviet Union after Vladimir Lenin’s death in 1924 and transformed it into an industrialized, authoritarian nation. He developed a strong cult of personality and famously…
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National Service
The post-World War II peacetime conscription program in the United Kingdom. All men aged 17-21 were required to serve for 18 months unless they were conscientious objectors or worked in “essential services”: coal mining, farming…
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Conscientious Objector
Someone who refuses to join or continue participating in military service because of political, religious, or moral opposition.
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Quemoy
An island in the Taiwan Strait, over which a brief war was fought in 1954-1955 between Communist and Nationalist groups (the People’s Republic of China and Republic of China that now govern China and Taiwan…
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The Kremlin
The enormous fortified citadel in the center of Moscow that has served as the seat of Russian monarchies and governments for centuries.
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Leucotomy
Also known as a lobotomy, a neurosurgical procedure that cuts the prefrontal cortex, a part of the brain largely responsible for what psychologists call “executive function,” which includes decision-making, complex cognition and self-control, and personality…
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Trotskyism
A strain of Marxism started by the Soviet leader and dissident Leon Trotsky, who was explicitly and vehemently critical of Joseph Stalin.
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Chekhov’s “The Darling”
An 1899 short story about a woman, seemingly incapable of independent thought, who latches onto the opinions and personalities of the various men she falls in love with throughout her life.
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Soho
A fashionable neighborhood of London and the center of the city’s sex industry until the 1980s.
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F.L.N.
The Algerian National Liberation Front, the main organization that fought the French in the Algerian War of Independence from 1954 until 1962.
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