The Hours

by

Michael Cunningham

Marriage, Relationships, and Personal Fulfillment Theme Analysis

Themes and Colors
The Passage of Time Theme Icon
Suicide and Mental Health  Theme Icon
Marriage, Relationships, and Personal Fulfillment Theme Icon
Reading and Writing Theme Icon
LitCharts assigns a color and icon to each theme in The Hours, which you can use to track the themes throughout the work.
Marriage, Relationships, and Personal Fulfillment Theme Icon

The three main women in The Hours are each in a marriage or long-term partnership that compromises their ability to be fully and freely themselves. Virginia feels trapped by her husband, Leonard, and his commanding attitude. She wishes she could leave behind the quiet suburb of Richmond to return to the excitement of London. Decades later, Laura identifies with Virginia’s novel Mrs. Dalloway because she is trapped in her own marriage with Dan, which seems ideal on the surface—but which leaves her with no time to herself. Finally, Clarissa struggles with the fear that her stable, long-lasting partnership with Sally has turned her into a boring housewife and prevented her from being in a relationship with Richard, whose own life as a writer seems much more glamorous. In each timeline, the protagonist longs for freedom from responsibility but can’t escape her daily routine, which often requires her to take on more responsibility than the other person in the relationship.

The novel suggests that the conventions of heterosexual marriage can create and perpetuate gender inequality, with Virginia and Laura each seemingly devoting more time and effort to their family and domestic chores than their male partners, but even Clarissa struggles to communicate with her partner, Sally. Meanwhile, the novel shows how the institution of marriage enforces heterosexual gender roles, forcing people to repress potential homosexual feelings. Virginia’s longing for a relationship with a woman comes out when she kisses her own sister Vanessa, and this leads to repressed female desire becoming a key part of Mrs. Dalloway, a character in the book she is currently writing. Meanwhile, Laura begins to desire her neighbor Kitty but can’t act on her attraction because of her marriage to Dan and her need to care for Richie. Finally, while Clarissa has the most relationship freedom, at one point attempting a three-way relationship with Richard and Louis, she finds that arrangement unsatisfying. She instead seeks out a more dependable, monogamous relationship with Sally, causing people like Richard and the queer theorist Mary Krull to look down on Clarissa for replicating  the conventions of a heterosexual marriage—and all the problems of gender inequality and repressed desires that come with them. The Hours thus portrays how any committed relationship, not just heterosexual marriage, can restrict a person’s  personal freedom and self-expression, leading to repressed desires and to feelings of resentment and unfulfillment.

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Marriage, Relationships, and Personal Fulfillment Quotes in The Hours

Below you will find the important quotes in The Hours related to the theme of Marriage, Relationships, and Personal Fulfillment.
Prologue Quotes

She hurries from the house, wearing a coat too heavy for the weather. It is 1941. Another war has begun. She has left a note for Leonard, and another for Vanessa.

Related Characters: Virginia Woolf, Leonard, Vanessa
Page Number: 3
Explanation and Analysis:
Chapter 3: Mrs. Brown Quotes

She inhales deeply. It is so beautiful; it is so much more than…well, than almost anything, really. In another world, she might have spent her whole life reading. But this is the new world, the rescued world—there’s not much room for idleness. So much has been risked and lost; so many have died.

Related Characters: Laura Brown, Virginia Woolf, Dan
Page Number: 39
Explanation and Analysis:
Chapter 6: Mrs. Brown Quotes

It seems suddenly easy to bake a cake, to raise a child. She loves her son purely, as mothers do—she does not resent him, does not wish to leave.

Related Characters: Laura Brown, Richard/Richie, Dan
Related Symbols: Cake
Page Number: 79
Explanation and Analysis:
Chapter 7: Mrs. Woolf Quotes

She will give Clarissa Dalloway great skill with servants, a manner that is intricately kind and commanding. Her servants will love her. They will do more than she asks.

Related Characters: Virginia Woolf, Leonard, Nelly
Page Number: 87
Explanation and Analysis:
Chapter 9: Mrs. Brown Quotes

Laura releases Kitty. She steps back. She has gone too far, they’ve both gone too far, but it is Kitty who’s pulled away first. It is Kitty whose terrors have briefly propelled her, caused her to act strangely and desperately. Laura is the dark-eyed predator. Laura is the odd one, the foreigner, the one who can’t be trusted. Laura and Kitty agree, silently, that this is true.

Laura glances over at Richie. He is still holding the red truck. He is still watching.

Related Characters: Clarissa Vaughan, Laura Brown, Richard/Richie, Kitty
Related Symbols: Cake
Page Number: 110
Explanation and Analysis:
Chapter 11: Mrs. Dalloway Quotes

The truth is that he does not love Hunter and Hunter does not love him. They are having an affair; only an affair. He fails to think of him for hours at a time. Hunter has other boyfriends, a whole future planned, and when he’s moved on, Louis has to admit, privately, that he won’t much miss Hunter’s shrill laugh, his chipped front tooth, his petulant silences.

There is so little love in the world.

Related Characters: Clarissa Vaughan, Laura Brown, Virginia Woolf, Richard/Richie, Louis
Page Number: 134
Explanation and Analysis:
Chapter 12: Mrs. Brown Quotes

Leaving the desk, she can hardly believe she’s done it. She has gotten the key, passed through the portals.

Related Characters: Laura Brown, Virginia Woolf, Richard/Richie, Dan
Page Number: 148
Explanation and Analysis:
Chapter 13: Mrs. Woolf Quotes

Nelly turns away and, although it is not at all their custom, Virginia leans forward and kisses Vanessa on the mouth. It is an innocent kiss, innocent enough, but just now, in this kitchen, behind Nelly’s back, it feels like the most delicious and forbidden of pleasures. Vanessa returns the kiss.

Related Characters: Laura Brown, Virginia Woolf, Leonard, Vanessa, Kitty, Nelly
Page Number: 154
Explanation and Analysis:
Chapter 14: Mrs. Dalloway Quotes

Fool, Mary thinks, though she struggles to remain charitable or, at least, serene. No, screw charity. Anything’s better than queers of the old school, dressed to pass, bourgeois to the bone, living like husband and wife. Better to be a frank and open asshole, better to be John fucking Wayne, than a well-dressed dyke with a respectable job.

Fraud, Clarissa thinks. You’ve fooled my daughter, but you don’t fool me. I know a conquistador when I see one. I know all about making a splash. It isn’t hard. If you shout loud enough, for long enough, a crowd will gather to see what all the noise is about. It’s the nature of crowds. They don’t stay long, unless you give them reason. You’re just as bad as most men, just that aggressive, just that self-aggrandizing, and your hour will come and go.

Related Characters: Clarissa Vaughan, Julia, Mary Krull
Page Number: 160
Explanation and Analysis:
Chapter 15: Mrs. Woolf Quotes

She is better, she is safer, if she rests in Richmond; if she does not speak too much, write too much, feel too much; if she does not travel impetuously to London and walk through its streets; and yet she is dying this way, she is gently dying on a bed of roses.

Related Characters: Virginia Woolf, Leonard, Vanessa
Related Symbols: Flowers
Page Number: 154
Explanation and Analysis:
Chapter 16: Mrs. Dalloway Quotes

Sally hands the flowers to her and for a moment they are both simply and entirely happy. They are present, right now, and they have managed, somehow, over the course of eighteen years, to continue loving each other. It is enough. At this moment, it is enough.

Related Characters: Clarissa Vaughan, Sally
Related Symbols: Flowers
Page Number: 185
Explanation and Analysis:
Chapter 17: Mrs. Brown Quotes

He will watch her forever. He will always know when something is wrong. He will always know precisely when and how much she has failed.

Related Characters: Laura Brown, Richard/Richie, Mrs. Latch
Page Number: 193
Explanation and Analysis:
Chapter 18: Mrs. Dalloway Quotes

Richard smiles. He shakes his head. He says, “I don’t think two people could have been happier than we’ve been.”

He inches forward, slides gently off the sill, and falls.

Related Characters: Richard/Richie (speaker), Clarissa Vaughan, Virginia Woolf, Leonard
Page Number: 200
Explanation and Analysis:
Chapter 19: Mrs. Brown Quotes

The candles are lit. The song is sung. Dan, blowing the candles out, sprays a few tiny droplets of clear spittle onto the icing’s smooth surface. Laura applauds and, after a moment, Richie does, too.

Related Characters: Laura Brown, Richard/Richie, Dan, Kitty, Ray
Related Symbols: Cake
Page Number: 205
Explanation and Analysis:
Chapter 20: Mrs. Woolf Quotes

Yes, Clarissa will have loved a woman. Clarissa will have kissed a woman, only once. Clarissa will be bereaved, deeply lonely, but she will not die. She will be too much in love with life, with London.

Related Characters: Virginia Woolf, Vanessa
Page Number: 211
Explanation and Analysis:
Chapter 21: Mrs. Brown Quotes

“So,” Dan says after a while. “Are you coming to bed?”

“Yes,” she says.

From far away, she can hear a dog barking.

Related Characters: Laura Brown (speaker), Dan (speaker), Richard/Richie
Related Symbols: Cake
Page Number: 215
Explanation and Analysis:
Chapter 22: Mrs. Dalloway Quotes

They settle into another silence, one that is neither intimate nor particularly uncomfortable. Here she is, then, Clarissa thinks; here is the woman from Richard’s poetry. Here is the lost mother, the thwarted suicide; here is the woman who walked away. It is both shocking and comforting that such a figure could, in fact, prove to be an ordinary-looking old woman seated on a sofa with her hands in her lap.

Related Characters: Clarissa Vaughan, Laura Brown, Richard/Richie, Sally, Julia, Dan
Related Symbols: Cake
Page Number: 220
Explanation and Analysis:

And here she is, herself, Clarissa, not Mrs. Dalloway anymore; there is no one now to call her that. Here she is with another hour before her.

“Come in, Mrs. Brown,” she says. “Everything’s ready.”

Related Characters: Clarissa Vaughan (speaker), Laura Brown, Richard/Richie, Sally, Julia
Page Number: 226
Explanation and Analysis: