The Hours

by

Michael Cunningham

The Passage of Time Theme Analysis

Themes and Colors
The Passage of Time Theme Icon
Suicide and Mental Health  Theme Icon
Marriage, Relationships, and Personal Fulfillment Theme Icon
Reading and Writing Theme Icon
LitCharts assigns a color and icon to each theme in The Hours, which you can use to track the themes throughout the work.
The Passage of Time Theme Icon

Michael Cunningham’s The Hours is a novel about three women whose lives intertwine, though their stories unfold at different periods in the 20th century: a fictionalized version of the writer Virginia Woolf, Laura Brown, and Clarissa Vaughan. In one sense, the novel all takes place in a single day, starting in the morning and advancing into the night, but this “day” takes place across three different timelines, with each new chapter taking place in a different time period. On the one hand, each woman struggles with the idea that time is passing too quickly and that life is slipping away from her. In the 1920s, Virginia wants to write many more novels but she fears that if she spends too much time writing on any given day, she’ll risk the return of her painful headaches. Meanwhile, in the 1940s, Laura struggles with the all the tasks she has to complete, like baking a cake, in time for her husband’s birthday before he gets back from work—all of which leaves her with no time to herself. Finally, Clarissa, in the novel’s present (1990s) struggles with the idea that she never got to have a full romantic relationship with Richard, who due to AIDS and the passing of time, is no longer even the same person.

But while each thread of the story examines the consequences of the passage of time, the novel also explores how some things remain the same over time. Clarissa’s life in the novel’s present strongly resembles that of the titular character (also named Clarissa) in Virginia Woolf’s Mrs. Dalloway, a novel written almost a century before, with Clarissa herself in the titular role and her friend Richard resembling the suicidal, poetry-loving character Septimus. Similarly, Laura’s attempts to escape her stifling suburban life have strong parallels to Virginia’s own fantasies about getting out of suburban Richmond. The common elements among these parallel stories emphasize how some of life’s challenges remain the same for people—especially women—across time. The Hours explores the anxiety and deterioration that the passage of time can cause, but it also highlights how some essential truths about humanity remain true even across different periods of time.

Related Themes from Other Texts
Compare and contrast themes from other texts to this theme…
Get the entire The Hours LitChart as a printable PDF.
The Hours PDF

The Passage of Time Quotes in The Hours

Below you will find the important quotes in The Hours related to the theme of The Passage of Time.
Prologue Quotes

She hurries from the house, wearing a coat too heavy for the weather. It is 1941. Another war has begun. She has left a note for Leonard, and another for Vanessa.

Related Characters: Virginia Woolf, Leonard, Vanessa
Page Number: 3
Explanation and Analysis:
Chapter 1: Mrs. Dalloway Quotes

There are still the flowers to buy. Clarissa feigns exasperation (though she loves doing errands like this), leaves Sally cleaning the bathroom, and runs out, promising to be back in half an hour.

It is New York City. It is the end of the twentieth century.

Related Characters: Clarissa Vaughan, Virginia Woolf, Sally
Related Symbols: Flowers
Page Number: 9
Explanation and Analysis:
Chapter 3: Mrs. Brown Quotes

She inhales deeply. It is so beautiful; it is so much more than…well, than almost anything, really. In another world, she might have spent her whole life reading. But this is the new world, the rescued world—there’s not much room for idleness. So much has been risked and lost; so many have died.

Related Characters: Laura Brown, Virginia Woolf, Dan
Page Number: 39
Explanation and Analysis:
Chapter 4: Mrs. Dalloway Quotes

Richard’s chair, particularly, is insane; or, rather, it is the chair of someone who, if not actually insane, has let things slide so far, has gone such a long way toward the exhausted relinquishment of ordinary caretaking—simple hygiene, regular nourishment—that the difference between insanity and hopelessness is difficult to pinpoint. The chair—an elderly, square, overstuffed armchair obesely balanced on slender blond wooden legs—is ostentatiously broken and worthless.[…] Richard will not hear of its being replaced.

Related Characters: Clarissa Vaughan, Richard/Richie, Louis
Page Number: 58
Explanation and Analysis:
Chapter 5: Mrs. Woolf Quotes

She decides, with misgivings, that she is finished for today. Always, there are these doubts. Should she try another hour? Is she being judicious, or slothful? Judicious, she tells herself, and almost believes it. She has her two hundred and fifty words, more or less. Let it be enough. Have faith that you will be here, recognizable to yourself, again tomorrow.

Related Characters: Laura Brown, Virginia Woolf, Leonard
Page Number: 72
Explanation and Analysis:
Chapter 6: Mrs. Brown Quotes

It seems suddenly easy to bake a cake, to raise a child. She loves her son purely, as mothers do—she does not resent him, does not wish to leave.

Related Characters: Laura Brown, Richard/Richie, Dan
Related Symbols: Cake
Page Number: 79
Explanation and Analysis:
Chapter 8: Mrs. Dalloway Quotes

How often since then has she wondered what might have happened if she’d tried to remain with him; if she’d returned Richard’s kiss on the corner of Bleecker and MacDougal, gone off somewhere (where?) with him, never bought the packet of incense or the alpaca coat with the rose-shaped buttons. Couldn’t they have discovered something…larger and stranger than what they’ve got?

Related Characters: Clarissa Vaughan, Richard/Richie, Sally
Page Number: 97
Explanation and Analysis:
Chapter 11: Mrs. Dalloway Quotes

The truth is that he does not love Hunter and Hunter does not love him. They are having an affair; only an affair. He fails to think of him for hours at a time. Hunter has other boyfriends, a whole future planned, and when he’s moved on, Louis has to admit, privately, that he won’t much miss Hunter’s shrill laugh, his chipped front tooth, his petulant silences.

There is so little love in the world.

Related Characters: Clarissa Vaughan, Laura Brown, Virginia Woolf, Richard/Richie, Louis
Page Number: 134
Explanation and Analysis:
Chapter 14: Mrs. Dalloway Quotes

Fool, Mary thinks, though she struggles to remain charitable or, at least, serene. No, screw charity. Anything’s better than queers of the old school, dressed to pass, bourgeois to the bone, living like husband and wife. Better to be a frank and open asshole, better to be John fucking Wayne, than a well-dressed dyke with a respectable job.

Fraud, Clarissa thinks. You’ve fooled my daughter, but you don’t fool me. I know a conquistador when I see one. I know all about making a splash. It isn’t hard. If you shout loud enough, for long enough, a crowd will gather to see what all the noise is about. It’s the nature of crowds. They don’t stay long, unless you give them reason. You’re just as bad as most men, just that aggressive, just that self-aggrandizing, and your hour will come and go.

Related Characters: Clarissa Vaughan, Julia, Mary Krull
Page Number: 160
Explanation and Analysis:
Chapter 16: Mrs. Dalloway Quotes

Sally hands the flowers to her and for a moment they are both simply and entirely happy. They are present, right now, and they have managed, somehow, over the course of eighteen years, to continue loving each other. It is enough. At this moment, it is enough.

Related Characters: Clarissa Vaughan, Sally
Related Symbols: Flowers
Page Number: 185
Explanation and Analysis:
Chapter 18: Mrs. Dalloway Quotes

“But there are still the hours, aren’t there? One and then another, and you get through that one and then, my god, there’s another. I’m so sick.”

Related Characters: Richard/Richie (speaker), Clarissa Vaughan, Laura Brown, Virginia Woolf
Related Symbols: Cake
Page Number: 197
Explanation and Analysis:

Richard smiles. He shakes his head. He says, “I don’t think two people could have been happier than we’ve been.”

He inches forward, slides gently off the sill, and falls.

Related Characters: Richard/Richie (speaker), Clarissa Vaughan, Virginia Woolf, Leonard
Page Number: 200
Explanation and Analysis:
Chapter 20: Mrs. Woolf Quotes

Yes, Clarissa will have loved a woman. Clarissa will have kissed a woman, only once. Clarissa will be bereaved, deeply lonely, but she will not die. She will be too much in love with life, with London.

Related Characters: Virginia Woolf, Vanessa
Page Number: 211
Explanation and Analysis:
Chapter 22: Mrs. Dalloway Quotes

They settle into another silence, one that is neither intimate nor particularly uncomfortable. Here she is, then, Clarissa thinks; here is the woman from Richard’s poetry. Here is the lost mother, the thwarted suicide; here is the woman who walked away. It is both shocking and comforting that such a figure could, in fact, prove to be an ordinary-looking old woman seated on a sofa with her hands in her lap.

Related Characters: Clarissa Vaughan, Laura Brown, Richard/Richie, Sally, Julia, Dan
Related Symbols: Cake
Page Number: 220
Explanation and Analysis:

And here she is, herself, Clarissa, not Mrs. Dalloway anymore; there is no one now to call her that. Here she is with another hour before her.

“Come in, Mrs. Brown,” she says. “Everything’s ready.”

Related Characters: Clarissa Vaughan (speaker), Laura Brown, Richard/Richie, Sally, Julia
Page Number: 226
Explanation and Analysis: