The Vendor of Sweets

by

R. K. Narayan

Themes and Colors
Communication vs. Fear Theme Icon
Generational Difference Theme Icon
Commerce, Taste, and the Good Life Theme Icon
Religion Theme Icon
India vs. the U.K. and the U.S. Theme Icon
LitCharts assigns a color and icon to each theme in The Vendor of Sweets, which you can use to track the themes throughout the work.
Generational Difference Theme Icon

The Vendor of Sweets represents generational difference as an unavoidable result of historical change. The novel’s protagonist, Jagan, is an Indian man who participated in the nonviolent political campaign led by Mohandas Gandhi (1869–1948) to end British colonial rule in India. Jagan’s participation in this campaign shaped his life. Colonial police beat and jailed him for replacing a Union Jack with the Indian flag; while in jail, he was assigned to kitchen detail, and so after his release and Indian independence, he opened a sweets shop using what he had learned during his incarceration. In the present, then, he defines himself as proudly Indian and values many of the qualities and activities he learned from Gandhi. In contrast with Jagan, Jagan’s son Mali does not share Jagan’s values of social service, Indian national pride, or adequate, honest work in a respectable trade. The novel implies that Mali’s differences are in large part due to his age: he is too young to remember colonial India or to have internalized the values of the Indian independence struggle. Instead of being shaped by national pride, then, Mali is shaped by post-World War II global capitalism: he dreams of founding a factory in India, with backing from U.S. investors, that makes story-writing machines to mechanize individual creativity and increase India’s cultural output in quantitative terms with less overall work. Because the novel implies that Jagan and his son Mali are each shaped by their different historical moments, it also implies that generational difference—as well as the generational conflict in inspires—is due to global historical changes beyond any person’s or family’s control.

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Generational Difference ThemeTracker

The ThemeTracker below shows where, and to what degree, the theme of Generational Difference appears in each chapter of The Vendor of Sweets. Click or tap on any chapter to read its Summary & Analysis.
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Generational Difference Quotes in The Vendor of Sweets

Below you will find the important quotes in The Vendor of Sweets related to the theme of Generational Difference.
Chapter 2 Quotes

Everything in this house had the sanctity of usage, which was the reason why no improvement was possible.

Related Characters: Jagan, Mali
Page Number: 19
Explanation and Analysis:

Jagan found his son’s attraction to aspirin ominous. He merely replied, “I’ll get you better things to eat than this pill. Forget it, you understand?”

Related Characters: Jagan (speaker), Mali, Ambika
Related Symbols: Story-Writing Machines
Page Number: 22  
Explanation and Analysis:
Chapter 3 Quotes

“Writer” meant in Jagan’s dictionary only one thing—a “clerk”—an Anglo-Indian, colonial term since the days when Macaulay had devised a system of education to provide a constant supply of clerical staff for the East India Company. Jagan felt ghast. Here he was trying to shape the boy into an aristocrat with a bicycle, college life, striped shirts, and everything, and he wanted to be a “writer”! Strange!

Related Characters: Jagan, Mali, The Cousin
Page Number: 28–29
Explanation and Analysis:
Chapter 4 Quotes

“Did Valmiki go to America or Germany in order to write his Ramayana?” asked Jagan with pugnacity. “Strange notions these boys get nowadays!”

Related Characters: Jagan (speaker), Mali, The Cousin
Page Number: 47
Explanation and Analysis:

“They eat only beef and pork in that country. I used to know a man from America, and he told me . . .”

“They also take a lot of intoxicating drinks, never water or milk,” said the cousin, contributing his own bit of information.

Related Characters: Jagan (speaker), The Cousin (speaker), Mali
Page Number: 48
Explanation and Analysis:
Chapter 5 Quotes

The only letter Jagan rigorously suppressed was the one in which Mali had written, after three years’ experience of America, “I’ve taken to eating beef; and I don’t think I’m any the worse for it. Steak is something quite tasty and juicy. Now I want to suggest why not you people start eating beef? It’ll solve the problem of useless cattle in our country and we won’t have to beg food from America. I sometimes feel ashamed when India asks for American aid. Instead of that, why not slaughter useless cows which wander in the streets and block traffic?”

Related Characters: Mali (speaker), Jagan
Page Number: 57–58
Explanation and Analysis:
Chapter 6 Quotes

Jagan asked, “Do you want to use this for writing stories?”

“Yes, I am also going to manufacture and sell it in this country. An American company is offering to collaborate. In course of time, every home in the country will possess one and we will produce more stories than any other nation in the world. Right now we are a little backward. Except Ramayana and Mahabharata, those old stories, there is no modern writing, whereas in America alone every publishing season ten thousand books are published.”

Related Characters: Jagan (speaker), Mali (speaker)
Related Symbols: Story-Writing Machines
Page Number: 80
Explanation and Analysis:
Chapter 8 Quotes

“It would be the most accredited procedure according to our scriptures—husband and wife must vanish into the forest at some stage in their lives, leaving the affairs of the world to younger people.”

Related Characters: The Bearded Man (speaker), Jagan, Mali
Page Number: 123
Explanation and Analysis:
Chapter 9 Quotes

“If she has nothing to do here, she goes back, that’s all. Her air ticket must be bought immediately.”

“But a wife must be with her husband, whatever happens.”

“That was in your day,” said Mali, and left the room.

Related Characters: Jagan (speaker), Mali (speaker), Grace
Related Symbols: Story-Writing Machines
Page Number: 131
Explanation and Analysis:
Chapter 10 Quotes

“Mo has no more use for me.”

“Use or no use, my wife—well, you know, I looked after her all her life.”

Related Characters: Jagan (speaker), Grace (speaker), Mali, Ambika
Page Number: 139
Explanation and Analysis:

“Our young men live in a different world from ours and we must not let ourselves be upset too much by certain things they do.”

Related Characters: The Cousin (speaker), Jagan, Mali, Grace
Page Number: 141
Explanation and Analysis:
Chapter 11 Quotes

“Grace has been getting funny notions, that’s why I told you to pack her off, but you grudged the expenditure,” said Mali.

Related Characters: Jagan (speaker), Mali (speaker), Grace
Page Number: 151
Explanation and Analysis:
Chapter 12 Quotes

Jagan, as became a junior, was careful not to show too much personal interest in his marriage, but he was anxious to know what was going on.

Related Characters: Jagan, Mali, Grace, Ambika
Page Number: 162
Explanation and Analysis:

They sent out three thousand invitations. […] Jagan’s whole time was spent in greeting the guests or prostrating himself at their feet as if they were older relatives. The priests compelled him to sit before the holy fire performing complicated rites and reciting sacred mantras; his consolation was that during most of these he had to be clasping his wife’s hand; he felt enormously responsible as he glanced at the sacred thali he had knotted around her neck at the most auspicious moment of the ceremonies.

Related Characters: Jagan, Mali, Grace, Ambika
Page Number: 165–166
Explanation and Analysis:
Chapter 13 Quotes

“If you meet her, tell her that if she ever wants to go back to her country, I will buy her a ticket. It’s a duty we owe her. She was a good girl.”

Related Characters: Jagan (speaker), Mali, Grace, The Cousin
Page Number: 191
Explanation and Analysis: