Harlem Shuffle

by

Colson Whitehead

Harlem Shuffle: Part 1, Chapter 1 Summary & Analysis

Summary
Analysis
One night in June of 1959, Ray Carney becomes involved in a heist thanks to his cousin, Freddie. A furniture salesman who also sells refurbished goods, Carney is running errands in New York City. He loads three radios into his truck and makes his way to Radio Row—an area of the city featuring numerous electronics storefronts. Carney enters a store belonging to a man named Aronowitz, one of the only White men to not only acknowledge him, but also treat him with respect as a Black man. Carney usually comes to Aronowitz for repairs, but today he is hoping the man will take the radios, which he has been unable to sell, off his hands.
The novel begins by attributing Carney’s involvement in criminal activities to Freddie, suggesting he does not usually participate in illegal schemes. Otherwise, this introduction portrays Carney as an honest furniture salesman making his living in Harlem. Carney’s relationship with Aronowitz briefly highlights his experiences of everyday racism and prejudice, which undoubtedly make it more difficult for him to run a profitable business. Carney’s use of local terminology—“Radio Row”—is evidence of his familiarity with the city.
Themes
Crime, Class, and Social Mobility Theme Icon
Identity and Duality Theme Icon
Community, Change, and Loyalty  Theme Icon
Systemic Racism, Injustice, and Power Theme Icon
Quotes
Although the shop is called Aronowitz & Sons, the older man has no family. Decades ago, many immigrant families took advantage of the electronics boom to set up shops of their own, trying to ascend the socioeconomic ladder. Carney, who has a business degree, thinks of advising Aronowitz to change the name, but decides against it. Having come to pick up a broken TV, Carney offers to sell the radios to Aronowitz, thinking he can scrap them for parts. Aronowitz says he will try to facilitate a sale with another buyer and asks after Carney’s family. Carney’s wife (Elizabeth) is expecting their second child. Carney follows Aronowitz into the back to pick up his repaired TV.
Like Carney, many New York City residents pursue goals of social mobility, emphasizing the importance of class in this setting. That Carney has formal business education is proof of his dedication to his career. Still, his attempts to profit off faulty merchandise (the broken TV, the worthless radios) can be read as desperation, suggesting business is not going so well. Aronowitz’s concern for Carney’s family not only highlights the men’s familiarity but also provides an explanation for Carney’s behavior—he needs to provide for a growing family.
Themes
Crime, Class, and Social Mobility Theme Icon
Community, Change, and Loyalty  Theme Icon
Carney’s cousin Freddie brought him the TV to resell, swearing it was in good condition. Carney feels guilty for not trusting Freddie, even though the TV was, in fact, broken. Fixed now, it sits near four new Sears TVs which fell off a truck, according to Aronowitz. Knowing that TVs sell quickly, Carney makes a deal with Aronowitz for two of them. Returning to Harlem, he visits a recently deceased woman’s apartment to see if she owned anything worth buying and reselling. The woman’s daughter, Ruby Brown, recognizes Carney from high school. Walking through the apartment, Carney reflects that people treat him like the junkman, but he knows a good find when he sees it.
Carney’s view of Freddie paints his cousin as unreliable. That Carney feels guilty for thinking this way about Freddie suggests he loves his cousin despite his untrustworthy nature and wishes things were different. Carney’s business dealings with Aronowitz and Ruby Brown again imply hard times have forced him to hustle by purchasing used merchandise. Despite this, Carney remains upbeat and confident in his own abilities, suggesting his economic difficulties are not due to lack of intelligence.
Themes
Crime, Class, and Social Mobility Theme Icon
Identity and Duality Theme Icon
Betrayal, Vengeance, and Integrity Theme Icon
The dead woman’s sofa and armchair are in factory condition. Carney is able to guess where she purchased them because there are so few furniture dealers in Harlem. Both Carney’s parents are dead. He recalls high school, when younger kids picked on his clothes and his smell. One boy named Oliver was relentless until Carney hit him. Later, he heard that his own father (Big Mike) had scammed Oliver’s father. Carney resolved not to resort to violence again, deciding where he was from was less important than where he wanted to go. He and Ruby reminisce, and she brings up Carney’s father but does not mention his criminal reputation. Carney takes the sofa, promising to return for the armchair.
Carney’s familiarity with the dead woman’s furniture showcases his expertise as a salesman, while his ability to name the dealer demonstrates his knowledge of Harlem. These brief snippets of Carney’s past portray a rough upbringing and a desire to distance himself from his father’s world of crime and violence. Carney’s roots also suggest that his success as a businessman has all been personally achieved rather than inherited from his family.
Themes
Crime, Class, and Social Mobility Theme Icon
Identity and Duality Theme Icon
Community, Change, and Loyalty  Theme Icon
Betrayal, Vengeance, and Integrity Theme Icon
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Carney’s shop had been a furniture store before he took over the lease. The previous tenants’ businesses had failed miserably, but Carney retains his optimism. His employee, Rusty, has had a recent boost in confidence thanks to his new conked hairstyle. When Carney returns, Rusty reports that there have been no customers. They move the new sofa onto the sales floor, into the gently used section, which is growing. After walking the showroom, Carney runs numbers in his office. Many customers are late on their payments, and Carney decides to finally do away with installment plans. He does not like sending collectors after people, as his father worked similar jobs. Carney knows his wife, Elizabeth, will support his decision.
It is clear that Carney invests a lot of time, energy, and hope into his store, seeing it as a means of social advancement. Despite Rusty’s disappointing report, Carney remains optimistic, suggesting he truly believes his goal of growing his business is achievable if he hustles hard enough. Both the gently-used section and the installment plans imply that many Harlem residents are struggling financially. Carney obviously feels conflicted about  the ethics of payment plans. Again, Carney is motivated to take action to avoid becoming like his father in any way.
Themes
Crime, Class, and Social Mobility Theme Icon
Identity and Duality Theme Icon
Community, Change, and Loyalty  Theme Icon
Near closing, a young couple stops in the store. The woman is heavily pregnant, resting on a sofa. Carney introduces himself and gives them a sales pitch, but the young husband admits his wife only needed a rest. Carney chats and shows them around regardless. He remembers his and Elizabeth’s newlywed days and the faith she has in his ambitions. Pitching another sofa to the couple, Carney feels like an actor delivering lines. The couple ends up putting a small deposit on a sectional sofa, despite Carney’s intention to cease installment plans. Carney feels good about lending the young couple a hand, reflecting that he “may be broke, but [he] ain’t crooked.”
As a salesman, Carney is personable and persistent, again showcasing his dedication to his profession. While Carney is certainly grateful for Elizabeth’s support, her faith also amplifies the pressure Carney feels to succeed. It is worth noting that Carney feels he is playing a part while selling furniture, as if that personality is only one part of his true identity. He takes pride in his generosity, viewing it as a sign of his personal integrity and lack of inherited crookedness.
Themes
Crime, Class, and Social Mobility Theme Icon
Identity and Duality Theme Icon
Community, Change, and Loyalty  Theme Icon
Quotes