Harlem Shuffle

by

Colson Whitehead

Raymond Carney

Raymond Carney is a young Black man living in New York City in the 1960s. Carney grew up in Harlem with his cousin, Freddie, and his Aunt Millie. His mother died early and… read analysis of Raymond Carney

Freddie

Freddie is Raymond Carney’s cousin and Aunt Millie’s son. Raised alongside Carney in Harlem, Freddie makes his living primarily through criminal enterprises and activities which Carney deems “crooked.” Freddie runs numbers games for… read analysis of Freddie

Pepper

Pepper is an older Black man who first meets Carney during the Hotel Theresa heist. He used to commit the occasional crime with Carney’s father, Big Mike, and worked for the Services of Supply… read analysis of Pepper

Detective Munson

Detective Munson is a White police officer who patrols Carney’s neighborhood in Harlem. A crooked officer, Munson demands a weekly bribe to turn a blind eye to Carney’s criminal enterprises, such as his frequent… read analysis of Detective Munson

Elizabeth Carney

Elizabeth Carney is Raymond Carney’s wife and the mother of May and John. Like Carney, Elizabeth is a lifelong resident of Harlem, though she and her parents—Alma and Leland Jones—lived in… read analysis of Elizabeth Carney
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Leland Jones

Leland Jones is Elizabeth’s father and Alma Jones’s husband. Leland is judgmental of Carney’s lower-class upbringing and seems entertained by his son-in-law’s youthful suffering. A wealthy accountant and member of the Dumas… read analysis of Leland Jones

Miami Joe

Miami Joe is the mastermind behind the Hotel Theresa heist. A Black Florida native who fled north after some other crime, Miami Joe specializes in armed robbery. He recruits Freddie, Arthur, and Pepperread analysis of Miami Joe

Linus Van Wyck

Linus Van Wyck is a young White man who befriends and lives with Freddie for several years. As a member of the prominent Van Wyck family and heir to their real estate empire, Linus relies… read analysis of Linus Van Wyck

Chink Montague

Chink Montague is a mobster who controls territory in Harlem. After the Hotel Theresa heist, he sends his men to look for the robbers, who have stolen a ruby necklace belonging to his girlfriend, Lucindaread analysis of Chink Montague

Harvey Moskowitz

Harvey Moskowitz is a White jeweler who owns a store in Manhattan’s Diamond District. After Buxbaum’s arrest, Carney sells precious jewels to Moskowitz and also pays the jeweler to teach him how to recognize… read analysis of Harvey Moskowitz

Biz Dixon

Biz Dixon is a drug dealer who grew up alongside Carney and Freddie in Harlem. Carney has Pepper gather information on Dixon, which he later trades to Detective Munson. Though Carney worries that Freddie’s… read analysis of Biz Dixon
Minor Characters
Big Mike Carney
Big Mike Carney is Raymond Carney’s father. Although Big Mike is deceased, Carney frequently speculates that he has inherited his father’s crooked nature because of his criminal inclinations. A violent and unstable man, Big Mike often abandoned Carney for long periods of time. He and Pepper sometimes worked together.
Alma Jones
Alma Jones is Elizabeth’s mother and Leland Jones’s wife. Like her husband, Alma believes Elizabeth settled for Carney and frequently disdains his lack of social status. Although she herself is Black, Alma perceives herself as superior to Carney and other dark-skinned Black people.
Wilfred Duke
Wilfred Duke is a wealthy Black banker and member of the Dumas Club. A friend of Leland, Duke fails to secure Carney a place in the club even after Carney pays him a $500 bribe. Duke’s betrayal leads Carney to lean into his crooked nature and plot his revenge.
Arthur
Arthur is a middle-aged Black safecracker who participates in the Hotel Theresa heist with Miami Joe, Freddie, and Pepper. An inconspicuous man, Arthur is murdered by Miami Joe before he gets to achieve his dream of retiring in the countryside.
Rusty
Rusty is Carney’s salesman at the furniture store. Originally from Georgia, Rusty is somewhat less sophisticated than Carney would like, but he is a loyal employee over the years.
Marie
Marie is Carney’s administrative assistant at the furniture store. She and Rusty turn a blind eye to their boss’s shadier clientele.
Aunt Millie
Aunt Millie is Freddie’s mother and Carney’s aunt. She raised Carney during Big Mike’s extended absence. Aunt Millie often worries Freddie will get himself into trouble.
Aronowitz
Aronowitz is a White shop owner who deals with radios and other electronics. He repairs some of Carney’s gently-used items and occasionally sells them.
Buxbaum
Buxbaum is a White man who buys stolen merchandise from Carney, including Lucinda Cole’s ruby necklace. After meeting Moskowitz, Carney learns that Buxbaum often paid him far less than his items’ true worth.
James Powell
James Powell is a 15-year-old Black boy who is shot and killed by an off-duty police lieutenant although he is unarmed. Powell’s murder instigates widespread protest and rioting across Harlem for several days.
Terrance Pierce
Terrance Pierce is a young Black lawyer who befriends Carney at a mixer for small business owners in Harlem. A passionate advocate for Black civil rights, Pierce ultimately becomes president of the Dumas Club.
Ambrose Van Wyck
Ambrose Van Wyck is Linus Van Wyck’s father and a powerful real estate mogul. After catching his son and Freddie robbing the family’s safe, Ambrose sends his lawyer, Ed Bench, and others to retrieve his stolen belongings (including the emerald necklace) through violent means.
Miss Laura
Miss Laura is a sex worker employed by Cheap Brucie. She agrees to help Carney betray Wilfred Duke, who is one of her clients.
Delroy
Delroy is a gangster who works for Chink Montague. He collects Carney’s protection money every week.
Zippo
Zippo is a photographer who is friends with Freddie. Carney hires him to take photographs of Wilfred Duke in compromising positions after Miss Laura drugs him.
Mr. Gibbs
Mr. Gibbs is a regional sales representative for the furniture company Bella Fontaine. Carney’s meeting with Mr. Gibbs goes awry when police officers arrive at the store to question him about Freddie’s whereabouts.
Ed Bench
Ed Bench is Ambrose Van Wyck’s lawyer. He confiscates the emerald necklace from Carney and oversees Freddie’s brutal beating.
Betty
Betty is a maid at the Hotel Theresa who is romantically involved with Miami Joe. Her insider knowledge of the hotel helps Joe, Freddie, Arthur, and Pepper plan the heist.
Cheap Brucie
Cheap Brucie is an abusive pimp who employs Miss Laura. Carney engineers Cheap Brucie’s arrest in order to ruin Wilfred Duke’s life.
Alexander Oakes
Alexander Oakes is an upper-class Black lawyer who grew up with Elizabeth on Strivers’ Row. Oakes is a member of the Dumas Club, which earns him Alma and Leland’s approval. Carney feels Oakes is in love with Elizabeth.
May Carney
May Carney is Carney and Elizabeth’s daughter and John’s older sister.
John Carney
John Carney is Carney and Elizabeth’s son and May’s younger brother.
Lucinda Cole
Lucinda Cole is a dancer-turned-actress who was staying at the Hotel Theresa when it was robbed. Her boyfriend, Chink Montague, comes looking for Freddie and his accomplices, in search of Lucinda’s ruby necklace.