Harlem Shuffle

by

Colson Whitehead

Harlem Shuffle: Part 3, Chapter 1 Summary & Analysis

Summary
Analysis
The year is 1964 and Carney has finally achieved his dream of moving into an apartment on Riverside Drive. His family’s new home is even quieter than expected. Alma and Leland visit, criticizing the apartment. They have moved three times since selling the house on Strivers’ Row, and Leland has had to move his accounting firm to a more affordable space. Carney’s Furniture is still flourishing in both legal and illegal trade. Now, Carney sits on his new Argent sectional sofa, feeling content. His son, John, plays with a toy dinosaur he got from the World’s Fair in Queens, a truly remarkable experience.
Having finally achieved his goal of moving to Riverside Drive, Carney seems a touch underwhelmed but still grateful. Despite the way they have been humbled since Duke’s downfall, Alma and Leland still manage to be judgmental about Carney’s choice of home. It is worth noting that this is the first time in the novel Carney has felt content, which speaks to how hustling in both legal and illegal enterprises has defined his life and sense of fulfillment.
Themes
Crime, Class, and Social Mobility Theme Icon
Identity and Duality Theme Icon
Alma speculates that “those student activists” may have looted the World’s Fair, prompting an argument from Elizabeth. Leland and Alma disapprove of the protests and riots that have broken out in Harlem since a police officer killed a 15-year-old Black boy (James Powell). Elizabeth scorns her parents’ belief in the officer’s claim that the boy had a knife. Carney excuses himself and walks to the store, marveling at the aftermath of the destruction. Stores have been burned down and looted, and it is impossible to tell whether the people on the street participated in the riots or waited behind locked doors. To Carney, the contrast between the fair’s marvels and Harlem’s devastation showcases the spectrum of “American know-how.” Harlem is calm now.
Alma and Leland’s disapproval of the recent riots further exposes their disloyalty to the Black community. Perhaps because of their classist worldview, Elizabeth’s parents choose to believe the White officer’s narrative, despite evidence to the contrary. Elizabeth confronts their lack of empathy and their attempts to dismiss Harlem’s response as disproportionate, characterizing her as more self-aware than her parents. Carney’s walk to the store shows the ways the violence has damaged the community, making it unrecognizable.
Themes
Crime, Class, and Social Mobility Theme Icon
Community, Change, and Loyalty  Theme Icon
Systemic Racism, Injustice, and Power Theme Icon
Betrayal, Vengeance, and Integrity Theme Icon
Quotes
Carney is glad the riots are over, for everyone’s safety and for fellow business owners. Carney’s store wasn’t looted, though he and Rusty kept nightly vigils holding baseball bats. Many people’s livelihoods have been lost, with few insurance companies willing to write policies for Black shopkeepers. Carney thinks of Black forebears who held similar vigils in the South, before moving their families North. Even during the riots, Carney’s Furniture was open, and Carney has an upcoming meeting with a prospective furniture supplier—Bella Fontaine. Marie made a sign for the window which reads “Negro Owned” in the hopes of deterring looters. Carney leaves it up, just in case.
Despite Carney’s sorrow at the destruction caused by the riots, he imagines his Black ancestors facing violent discrimination in the South, suggesting that he understands the anger elicited by racial injustice. Still, his complex reaction reflects the reality that not everyone in Harlem participated in the riots, emphasizing that the Black community is not monolithic. It is unclear whether Carney’s store was spared randomly or whether his sign discouraged community members from taking their anger out on him. Regardless, that Carney’s front survived the riots implies that his double life remains intact.
Themes
Identity and Duality Theme Icon
Community, Change, and Loyalty  Theme Icon
Systemic Racism, Injustice, and Power Theme Icon
Business is slow, so Carney sends Rusty home early. He gave Rusty a new title during the riots: associate sales manager. Now, Carney locks up and works on a pitch for a newspaper ad. He considers making a pithy reference to the riots, pitching a recliner as “a sit-in we can all agree on!” A knock on his office’s outside door reveals Freddie, clutching a briefcase, checking in on Carney after the week’s madness. Carney asks Freddie about the briefcase, and his cousin launches into a story about being in Times Square the night the riots started. The streets were full of protesters, including the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE), whose members were giving speeches outside the precinct.
Carney’s attempts to incorporate the riots into his newspaper ad depicts the absurd necessity of continuing with one’s daily life in the midst of intense social unrest. Freddie’s return and his dodging of Carney’s question is an indication that Carney’s world is about to become more crooked. Still, Freddie’s concern for Carney’s family is a sign that he truly cares. The Congress of Racial Equality is an organization established in 1942 which advocates for Black civil rights in the U.S.
Themes
Identity and Duality Theme Icon
Community, Change, and Loyalty  Theme Icon
Systemic Racism, Injustice, and Power Theme Icon
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Freddie followed the crowd to the station house. Officers instructed people to go home, to which they replied “We are home, baby!” The police began arresting CORE members, provoking a violent response. Throughout this ordeal, all Freddie could think of was getting a sandwich. Carney asks about the briefcase again, and Freddie asks him to keep it safe for a few days, implying rough people are looking for it. He warns Carney not to open it. Despite his reservations, Carney agrees to help his cousin, locking the briefcase in his safe. He thinks of the liquor store owner who replaced his window repeatedly during the protests, wondering when it is appropriate to stop trying to save something that is lost.
Freddie’s account of the crowd’s assertion that they were already home is historically accurate and portrays Harlem residents’ sense of pride in their community. Again, the novel emphasizes the strangeness of living through historically significant events by having Freddie consistently reference his search for a sandwich—such a mundane concern stands in sharp juxtaposition to the violence that surrounded him. Carney compares his relationship with Freddie to the liquor store owner’s fruitless efforts to replace his window, suggesting that he has little faith in his cousin but still feels obligated to help him.
Themes
Community, Change, and Loyalty  Theme Icon
Systemic Racism, Injustice, and Power Theme Icon