Merchants of Doubt

by

Naomi Oreskes and Erik M. Conway

Benjamin Santer Character Analysis

Benjamin Santer is a leading climate scientist who specializes in using advanced statistical methods to analyze atmospheric data. He served as the primary author on a key chapter of the second official IPCC report, and his group was the first to definitively show that human activities are the main driver of climate change. This made him a primary target for the “merchants of doubt” (politically influential scientists who sought to downplay environmental and public health issues). They accused him of using faulty climate models, but this charge was based on a fundamental misunderstanding about his model. They also accused him of “secretly altering the IPCC report,” but all he did was make ordinary changes to his work in response to peer review comments, which is standard practice for all scientists. While Fred Singer and Fred Seitz’s public complaints about Santer were widely published and repeated in the popular media, Santer’s responses—and those of the dozens of other scientists who defended his research—barely found an audience. As a result, even though the charges against Santer were baseless, they destroyed his reputation and career for many years. Santer’s fate shows how the merchants of doubt undermined the public’s faith in legitimate science by exploiting media bias through clever public relations strategies.

Benjamin Santer Quotes in Merchants of Doubt

The Merchants of Doubt quotes below are all either spoken by Benjamin Santer or refer to Benjamin Santer. For each quote, you can also see the other characters and themes related to it (each theme is indicated by its own dot and icon, like this one:
Science, Trust, and Public Policy Theme Icon
).
Introduction Quotes

Every scientific paper and report has to go through the critical scrutiny of other experts: peer review. Scientific authors are required to take reviewers’ comments and criticisms seriously, and to fix any mistakes that may have been found. It’s a foundational ethic of scientific work: no claim can be considered valid—not even potentially valid—until it has passed peer review.

Related Characters: Naomi Oreskes and Erik M. Conway (speaker), Benjamin Santer
Page Number: 3
Explanation and Analysis:
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Benjamin Santer Quotes in Merchants of Doubt

The Merchants of Doubt quotes below are all either spoken by Benjamin Santer or refer to Benjamin Santer. For each quote, you can also see the other characters and themes related to it (each theme is indicated by its own dot and icon, like this one:
Science, Trust, and Public Policy Theme Icon
).
Introduction Quotes

Every scientific paper and report has to go through the critical scrutiny of other experts: peer review. Scientific authors are required to take reviewers’ comments and criticisms seriously, and to fix any mistakes that may have been found. It’s a foundational ethic of scientific work: no claim can be considered valid—not even potentially valid—until it has passed peer review.

Related Characters: Naomi Oreskes and Erik M. Conway (speaker), Benjamin Santer
Page Number: 3
Explanation and Analysis: