Milkman

by

Anna Burns

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Stalking and Surveillance Theme Analysis

Themes and Colors
Stalking and Surveillance Theme Icon
The Personal vs. the Political Theme Icon
Gossip and Rumors Theme Icon
Gender Norms Theme Icon
LitCharts assigns a color and icon to each theme in Milkman, which you can use to track the themes throughout the work.
Stalking and Surveillance Theme Icon

The eponymous Milkman spends much of the novel stalking middle sister, a young woman who is desperate to be left alone. Milkman is often menacing; he corners middle sister in isolated places, makes veiled threats, and perhaps even follows through on some of those threats, though the novel leaves this latter point ambiguous. However, despite his stalking behavior—which is sexually motivated—he never lays a finger on middle sister. By doing so, he does not give her the physical evidence that would allow her to report his crime to a higher authority. Middle sister is growing up during the Troubles, where the only language people understand is violence and, as such, the broader culture is generally dismissive of emotional and mental pain. Additionally, middle sister is part of a culture that is used to being surveilled in their everyday lives. The state enforcers keep files on nearly everyone they can in notable renouncer communities such as middle sister’s. This results in an atmosphere of heightened paranoia, where people in middle sister’s community take it for granted that someone is always watching them.

 Milkman’s stalking has a similar effect on middle sister. For instance, Milkman’s veiled threats of violence make middle sister paranoid that something is going to happen to her or to someone she loves. Eventually, middle sister cannot sleep because of Milkman’s threats, and she feels herself losing her humanity and vitality. Similarly, middle sister’s community has lost its ability to be happy and optimistic because of the events of the Troubles and the long history of British oppression that preceded it. Because middle sister’s community is used to violence and surveillance, there is a widespread belief that happiness will not be tolerated until the state defenders are defeated. Middle sister’s personal struggle and her community’s political struggle examine the dehumanizing and harmful effects of stalking and surveillance, showing the atmosphere of violence they create despite the absence of physical violence.

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Stalking and Surveillance ThemeTracker

The ThemeTracker below shows where, and to what degree, the theme of Stalking and Surveillance appears in each chapter of Milkman. Click or tap on any chapter to read its Summary & Analysis.
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Stalking and Surveillance Quotes in Milkman

Below you will find the important quotes in Milkman related to the theme of Stalking and Surveillance.
Chapter 1 Quotes

The day Somebody McSomebody put a gun to my breast and called me a cat and threatened to shoot me was the same day the milkman died. He had been shot by one of the state hit squads and I did not care about the shooting of this man. Others did care though, and some were those who, in the parlance, ‘knew me to see but not to speak to’ and I was being talked about because there was a rumour started by them, or more likely by first brother-in-law, that I had been having an affair with this milkman and that I was eighteen and he was forty-one.

Related Characters: Middle Sister/Unnamed Narrator (speaker), Milkman , Somebody McSomebody
Page Number: 1
Explanation and Analysis:

I didn’t know whose milkman he was. He wasn’t our milkman. I don’t think he was anybody’s. He didn’t take milk orders. There was no milk about him. He didn’t ever deliver milk. Also, he didn’t drive a milk lorry. Instead he drove cars, different cars, often flashy cars, though he himself was not flashy. For all this though, I only noticed him and his cars when he started putting himself in them in front of me. Then there was that van – small, white, nondescript, shapeshifting. From time to time he was seen at the wheel of that van too.

Related Characters: Middle Sister/Unnamed Narrator (speaker), Milkman
Page Number: 2-3
Explanation and Analysis:

All that running along the reservoirs where I had not ever seen him run had never been about running. All that running, I knew, was about me. He implied it was because of pacing, that he was slowing the run because of pacing, but I knew pacing and for me, walking during running was not that. I could not say so, however, for I could not be fitter than this man, could not be more knowledgeable about my own regime than this man, because the conditioning of males and females here would never have allowed that. This was the ‘I’m male and you’re female’ territory. This was what you could say if you were a girl to a boy, or a woman to a man, or a girl to a man, and what you were not – least not officially, least not in public, least not often – permitted to say.

Related Characters: Middle Sister/Unnamed Narrator (speaker), Milkman
Page Number: 7-8
Explanation and Analysis:
Chapter 2 Quotes

Since my sixteenth birthday two years earlier ma had tormented herself and me because I was not married. My two older sisters were married. Three of my brothers, including the one who had died and the one on the run, had got married. Probably too, my oldest brother gone errant, dropped off the face of the earth, and even though she’d no proof, was married. My other older sister – the unmentionable second sister – also married. So why wasn’t I married? This non-wedlock was selfish, disturbing of the God-given order and unsettling for the younger girls, she said. ‘Look at them!’ she continued, and there they were, standing behind ma, bright- eyed, perky, grinning. From the look of them, not one of these sisters seemed unsettled to me. ‘Sets a bad example,’ said ma. ‘If you don’t get married, they’ll think it’s all right for them not to get married.’ None of these sisters – age seven, eight and nine – was anywhere near the marrying teens yet.

Related Characters: Middle Sister/Unnamed Narrator (speaker), Milkman , Maybe-boyfriend, Somebody McSomebody, Middle Sister’s Mother
Page Number: 45
Explanation and Analysis:
Chapter 3 Quotes

Cats are not adoring like dogs. They don’t care. They can never be relied upon to shore up a human ego. They go their way, do their thing, are not subservient and will never apologise. No one has ever come across a cat apologising and if a cat did, it would patently be obvious it was not being sincere. As for dead cats – as in the deliberate killing of cats, killing them as a matter of course – I have come across that many times. The days of my childhood was when I would come across it, during the time cats were vermin, subversive, witch-like, the left hand, bad luck, feminine – though no one ever came out and levelled the feminine except during drunkenness with the drunkenness – should violence then ensue towards some hapless female – later being blamed for the cause.

Related Characters: Middle Sister/Unnamed Narrator (speaker), Somebody McSomebody
Related Symbols: The Cat’s Head
Page Number: 93
Explanation and Analysis:

First thing that happened was again I got those spine shivers, those scrabblings, the scuttlings, all that shiddery-shudderiness inside me, from the bottom of my backbone right into my legs. Instinctively everything in me then stopped. Just stopped. All my mechanism. I did not move and he did not move. Standing there, neither of us moved, nor spoke, then he spoke, saying, ‘At your Greek and Roman class, were you?’ and this was the only thing, ever, in his profiling of me that the milkman got wrong.

Related Characters: Middle Sister/Unnamed Narrator (speaker), Milkman
Related Symbols: The Cat’s Head
Page Number: 102-103
Explanation and Analysis:
Chapter 4 Quotes

In all the small time since he’d set his sights on me and had started in on destroying me, still only that first time in the car had he even looked at me, never either, said anything lewd or mocking or of outright provocation to me. Most especially he hadn’t laid a finger on me. Not one finger. Not once.

Related Characters: Middle Sister/Unnamed Narrator (speaker), Milkman
Page Number: 171
Explanation and Analysis:

So I was heard, and it felt good and respectful to be heard, to be got, not to be interrupted or cut off by opinionated, poorly attuned people. For the longest while longest friend didn’t say anything and I didn’t mind her not saying anything. Indeed I welcomed it. It seemed a sign she was digesting the information, letting it speak to her timely, to authenticate also in its proper moment the right and just response. So she stayed quiet and stayed still and looked ahead and it was then for the first time it struck me that this staring into the middle distance, which often she’d do when we’d meet, was identical to that of Milkman. Apart from the first time in his car when he’d leaned over and looked out at me, never again had he turned towards me. Was this some ‘profile display stance’ then, that they all learn at their paramilitary finishing schools? As I was pondering this, longest friend then did speak. Without turning, she said, ‘I understand your not wanting to talk. That makes sense, and how could it not, now that you’re considered a community beyond-the-pale.’

Related Characters: Middle Sister/Unnamed Narrator (speaker), Milkman , Maybe-boyfriend, Middle Sister’s Mother, Longest Friend
Page Number: 199
Explanation and Analysis:
Chapter 5 Quotes

So I took them and I didn’t pay for them and this was partly out of an angry ‘Yes, Milkman. Go. Kill. Kill all of them. Go forth. Attend me. I command you’ and partly it was out of sensibility and anxiousness for their feelings. It was not wanting to get into trouble with my elders as an eighteen-year-old daring to disrespect and correct their behaviour. So I lost presence of mind and allowed myself to be pushed into obtaining chips with menaces. Most damning therefore, my own behaviour, this handling of the chip shop badly, no matter there’d been a compelling of me by everybody in it exactly to handle it badly. I knew now though, what they’d known for some time which was that no longer was I a teenager amidst a bunch of other teenagers, coming into and going out of and gallivanting about the area. Now I knew that that stamp – and not just by Milkman – had unreservedly, and against my will, been put on.

Related Characters: Middle Sister/Unnamed Narrator (speaker), Milkman , Tablets Girl
Page Number: 242
Explanation and Analysis:
Chapter 6 Quotes

He said then that for as long as I remained living in the family home, he’d call up to my door but wait outside and that I was to go to him. He said then he’d call at seven the following night in one of his cars. ‘Not this,’ he added, dismissing the van, mentioning instead one of those alpha-numericals. For my part – here he meant what I could do for him, how I could make him happy – I could come out the door on time and not keep him waiting. Also I could wear something lovely, he said. ‘Not trousers. Something lovely. Some feminine, womanly, elegant, nice dress.’

Related Characters: Middle Sister/Unnamed Narrator (speaker), Milkman (speaker), Maybe-boyfriend, Chef
Page Number: 300
Explanation and Analysis:
Chapter 7 Quotes

Three times in my life I’ve wanted to slap faces and once in my life I’ve wanted to hit someone in the face with a gun. I did do the gun but I have never slapped anybody. Of the three I’ve wanted to slap, one was eldest sister when she rushed in on the day in question to tell me the state forces had shot and killed Milkman. She looked gleeful, excited, that this man she thought was my lover, this man she thought had mattered to me, was dead.

Related Characters: Middle Sister/Unnamed Narrator (speaker), Milkman , Eldest Sister
Page Number: 301
Explanation and Analysis:

Meanwhile, we two resumed our stretching then brother-in-law said, ‘Right? Are ye right?’ and I said, ‘Aye, come on, we’ll do it.’ As we jumped the tiny hedge because we couldn’t be bothered with the tiny gate to set off on our running, I inhaled the early evening light and realised this was softening, what others might term a little softening. Then, landing on the pavement in the direction of the parks & reservoirs, I exhaled this light and for a moment, just a moment, I almost nearly laughed.

Related Characters: Middle Sister/Unnamed Narrator (speaker), Milkman , Third Brother-in-law
Related Symbols: Sunsets
Page Number: 348
Explanation and Analysis: