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Nagual
Dream
Miguel Ruiz uses the metaphor of dreaming to represent human perception. In order to make sense of the world, Ruiz says, people need to “dream” or perceive it first—and much like a dream one has…
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Computer virus
Ruiz uses the metaphor of a computer virus to represent gossip, by which he means negative talk about other people. Ruiz argues that when somebody talks negatively about another person, they make others see that…
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Parasite
Ruiz compares people’s tendency to internally judge and shame themselves to a parasite that feeds off of fear. He visualizes the parasite as a “monster with a thousand heads” whose body is comprised of one’s…
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Flame
In the closing passage of The Four Agreements, Ruiz recites a prayer in which an old man gives the reader a flame that he received from his teacher’s heart. The flame represents universal…
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