The author of Why We Can’t Wait, Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., was a prominent leader of the civil rights movement in the 1950s and ’60s. A Baptist minister from Georgia, he believed in…
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Fred Shuttlesworth
Fred Shuttlesworth was an important leader of the civil rights movement in Birmingham, Alabama in 1963. As a Christian minister and the leader of the Alabama Christian Movement for Human Rights, Shuttlesworth worked alongside…
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Ralph Abernathy
Ralph Abernathy was an activist and leader in the civil rights movement. He worked closely with Dr. King on multiple campaigns for racial equality. A fellow Christian minister and member of the SCLC, he…
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Eugene “Bull” Connor (Bull Connor)
Bull Connor was the Commissioner of Public Safety in Birmingham, Alabama from 1957 to 1963. A racist who fought to uphold segregation, he used aggressive tactics to intimidate Black protestors working with Dr. King and…
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Abraham Lincoln
Abraham Lincoln was the 16th president of the United States. Dr. King points to him as one of the few presidents in American history who took significant measures to advocate for Black Americans, since he…
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John F. Kennedy was the 35th president of the United States. Dr. King refers to President Kennedy multiple times throughout Why We Can’t Wait, viewing him as a promising young president whose impact on…
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Albert Boutwell
Albert Boutwell was the mayor of Birmingham, Alabama from 1963 to 1967. Like Bull Connor—his opponent in the mayoral race—he was a segregationist, though he was a little less aggressive and adamant about the…
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Harry Belafonte
Harry Belafonte is a Jamaican-American singer and activist. Known as the “King of Calypso,” he was an adamant supporter of the campaign for desegregation in Birmingham, Alabama in 1963. He helped Dr. King and the…
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A. D. King
A. D. King was one of Dr. King’s brothers. A fellow Christian minister, he was involved in the 1963 campaign for racial equality. When the movement achieved success by convincing Birmingham’s white leaders to…
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Minor Characters
Tom King
Tom King was a segregationist who ran in the 1963 mayoral race in Birmingham, Alabama. He lost to both Bull Connor and Albert Boutwell, who went on to challenge each other in a run-off election.