Albert Boutwell was the mayor of Birmingham, Alabama from 1963 to 1967. Like Bull Connor—his opponent in the mayoral race—he was a segregationist, though he was a little less aggressive and adamant about the issue. Still, Dr. King worries in Why We Can’t Wait that Boutwell’s administration won’t bring any kind of change to Birmingham, which is why he and his fellow organizers decided not to postpone the direct-action campaign in favor of giving Boutwell a chance.