LitCharts assigns a color and icon to each theme in A Complicated Kindness, which you can use to track the themes throughout the work.
Religion and Dogma
Family and Home
Community and Coming of Age
Narrative and Storytelling
Christian Salvation vs. Earthly Joy
Summary
Analysis
At one end of East Village’s Main Street is a water tower with a painting of Jesus holding out his arms “like he’s saying how the hell would I know? I’m just a carpenter.” At the other end is a billboard saying “Satan is real. Choose now.” Americans often visit the town to observe its “simple ways,” touring windmill and museum village that lie at the end of the town. Nomi says that her town is like a “bunker” where people are killing time until the Rapture occurs and they ascend to Heaven. She has no idea what Heaven will be like, except maybe that you can get punched in the stomach and not feel pain, something that would be fun “for one afternoon.”
The stark dichotomy between Jesus and Satan is at odds with the actual complexity of life in East Village that Nomi has just described. But paradoxically, Nomi’s understanding of this tension is what makes her feel most at home in her town, and most alienated from the tourists who come to visit it. In her simplistic view of Heaven, Nomi astutely points out that a painless afterlife would be boring compared to life in the unstable but poignantly beautiful world.
Active
Themes
Quotes
At school, when Nomi shares her distrust of the Mennonite principle of eschewing worldly pleasures, her typing teacher accuses her of wanting to do drugs or “writhe on a dance floor.” Having difficulty articulating her thoughts, Nomi says that she just wants to go about her life without wondering if her actions are sinful, and she wants to think about goodness “outside of any religious framework.” She tells her typing teacher that eternal life seems “creepy” and that it’s very risky to “bet everything we had in this world on the possibility of another world.” The teacher leads the class in a prayer for Nomi’s soul and throws her out.
Instead of broadening her horizons, Nomi’s education encourages her to repress any thoughts or impulses that don’t align with Mennonite theology. The rigid atmosphere at school contrasts with the fluid, nonlinear nature of the narrative Nomi creates for the reader. This dichotomy characterizes storytelling as a potential mechanism for both oppressing others and for challenging that oppression.
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Quotes
Nomi says that the town minister, The Mouth, is obsessed with shame and “traffics the shit like a schoolground pusher.” Even in childhood pictures he looks stiff and serious. However, everyone in the town knows that as a young man, The Mouth left the community to live as an artist in the outside world. However, he found he couldn’t write poetry or make friends, and the girl he loved ditched him, so he returned to the community of his youth with “a fresh loathing of the world” and new determination that no one be allowed to enjoy themselves.
It’s interesting that The Mouth’s loathing of the outside world seems to stem from his inability to fit in there. Nomi characterizes church elders like The Mouth, and even the long-dead Menno Simons, as motivated by fear and insecurity. In this sense, The Mouth is a notable foil to Ray, whose religious faith is based in love and acceptance.
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Once, while walking back from Travis’s house at night, Nomi passes The Mouth’s house and watches him eat a pint of ice cream in the kitchen in his bathrobe. After he finishes, he leans his had against the wall “like a guy completely defeated by life.” A few weeks later, Nomi notices Trudie leaning against the window, watching the neighbor’s dog, in just the same way. She tells Nomi that she envies the dog’s “freedom and obliviousness.”
Nomi’s nighttime glimpse of The Mouth, and subsequent comparison of him to Trudie, opens the possibility that the preacher has religious doubts and a complex inner life. However, unlike Trudie, he never lets his feelings or uncertainty override his adherence to dogma.
Nomi remembers standing in The Mouth’s office, reciting Bible verses. She always gets in trouble for saying “In the beginning there was the world” instead of “in the beginning there was the word.” She wishes she lived in New York. On the other hand, Ray never misses a church service. Nomi used to be embarrassed of him, but now she imagines him as the “noble captain of a sinking ship.”
Though presumably a random fluke, Nomi’s slip-up also reveals the difference between her outlook and The Mouth’s: he wants to emphasize the superiority of the “word” of God, but Nomi implicitly argues the importance of the beautiful, tangible world around her.
Even the Americans who visit the town as tourists are often disturbed by the reality of teenagers smoking cigarettes and wearing tube tops in the street. Once, a tourist takes a picture of Nomi on the curb and remarks to her husband, “here’s a priceless juxtaposition of old and new.” They debate giving her some money until Nomi tells them she speaks English and they walk away.
Even though Nomi constantly dreams of escaping to New York, people who actually live in the modern world treat her as a curiosity and make her feel like an outsider. This moment is a reminder that intolerance is not endemic to religious communities, but rather can be found anywhere.
It often seems impossible to leave, but if Tash and Trudie escaped, it can’t be that hard. Nomi likes to imagine different exotic possibilities for her mother’s whereabouts; it troubles her to know that Trudie hasn’t taken her passport or packed any warm clothes. Nomi prefers to imagine that her mother and sister are both alive and well, and that her family will all be together again soon. She doesn’t want the sobering facts surrounding Trudie’s disappearance to govern her story. After all, she points out, Jesus seemed to die and came to life again three days later.
Trudie’s lack of preparation forces Nomi to acknowledge the possibility that her mother didn’t plan any future life outside the community. Nomi’s reference to Jesus is partly a joke about her waning religious faith, but it also suggests a lingering wish that biblical stories could still guide her and provide her with security in uncertain times.