The Jumna—or, more commonly, Yamuna—is a major Indian river that runs through Delhi and into the Ganges.
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Lord Byron
Lord Byron was a major English Romantic poet. The literary archetype of the troubled, defiant, self-important Byronic Heroinspires Raja to live a similarly heroic life. This archetype is based on Byron’s characters and his…
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Rabindranath Tagore
Rabindranath Tagore was a prominent Bengali writer and independence activist. He won the Nobel Prize in Literature, and his work is well-known and universally acclaimed throughout South Asia today, especially by Bengalis like Dr. Biswas…
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T.S. Eliot was a major British-American Modernist poet. Bim frequently quotes his poem The Waste Land (1922), and his Four Quartets (1943) likely inspired this novel’s four-part form and much of its symbolism.
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Urdu is the traditional language of Delhi’s high culture, Muslim rulers, and literary and political elite. While it remains an official language in India today, it is on the decline because most of its speakers…
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