President Nixon was the U.S. president at the time of the Trail of Broken Treaties. He had ordered all important politicians and officials to ignore the participating activists so, although the activists had originally planned a peaceful and collaborative discussion with officials, their mood quickly changed as they realized that no one—the president included—would pay any attention to them until they became rowdy. This situation is evidence that passivity and politeness rarely persuade oppressors to pay attention to the demands of those that they oppress.