Sultan Murat III is the ruler of the Ottoman Empire at the time the book is set. Of all the Ottoman Sultans, he is the most enthusiastic about miniaturist painting, and he commissions many books during his reign. The Sultan also commissions Enishte to oversee the creation of a secret book to celebrate the thousand-year anniversary of the Hegira, the Prophet Muhammad’s journey from Mecca to Medina, and to show off the splendor of the Ottoman Empire. Defying religious teaching, the Sultan requests that the book’s illustrations be created in the European style, which forces the miniaturists to choose between obeying Islamic law and the wishes of the Sultan (who is both a religious and political leader). The Sultan is described as being incredibly handsome, with a commanding presence. He dies four years after the book ends.