Tar Baby

by

Toni Morrison

Tar Baby: Chapter 1 Summary & Analysis

Summary
Analysis
On the Isle des Chevaliers, extravagant houses were built in what was once a dense rainforest. The construction caused the river to change its course and stop short of the ocean, creating a swamp. The most impressive house on the island is called L’Arbe de la Croix. It was designed by a renowned Mexican architect and built by laborers from Haiti. It’s a large, light-filled house. Valerian Street and his family have owned it for over 30 years, but he just moved into the house full-time when he retired four years ago. Before that, he lived and worked in Philadelphia. Now, he plays classical music in the greenhouse each morning to encourage the plants to grow and doesn’t ever want to leave the island.
This description of the houses points to the impact of colonization on the island. People from the U.S., like Valerian, destroyed parts of the island’s natural ecosystem—including reshaping the river and cutting down parts of the rainforest—to make room for their extravagant houses. Laborers from Haiti then built those houses, implicitly raising questions about the conditions of that labor. Then Valerian erects a greenhouse, ironically designing his own symbolic Garden of Eden, or paradise, on an island whose natural ecosystem he has partially destroyed. 
Themes
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Quotes
Valerian’s wife, Margaret, only visits for a few months each year. She likes to think that they still live in Philadelphia and that Valerian is only spending some time away from the city. Margaret is Valerian’s second wife. He met her years after his first marriage ended when he was traveling for business in Maine. Sydney and Ondine used to work for the Streets in Philadelphia, and now they work for them on Isle des Chevaliers. Ondine loves living on the island and only worries that one day Valerian will decide to leave. In general, Valerian doesn’t get along with his neighbors. But one night, years ago, he had woken up with a horrible toothache. With Sydney’s help, he eventually made it to see the dentist, Dr. Robert Michelin, who gave him Novocain and brandy to help dull the pain. Valerian and Dr. Michelin then became friends.
Valerian and Margaret seem to have a strained relationship. For most of the year, they live in different locations, and Margaret attempts to maintain her happiness by deluding herself about Valerian’s intentions to return to Philadelphia. While Ondine loves the island, her concern about Valerian deciding to leave—and uprooting her and Sydney’s life as a result—signals how much control Valerian has over the people who work for them, as Sydney and Ondine are subject to his whims and must satisfy those whims in order to stay employed.
Themes
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In December, Valerian struggles with bunions, and Sydney encourages him to try different methods to ease the pain. Valerian doesn’t listen to any of Sydney’s suggestions. Margaret then talks with Valerian and complains about the food that Ondine prepares for them. Margaret is planning for a Christmas visit from their son, Michael. He is nearing 30 and recently, after trying a variety of other careers, has said he wants to be an environmental lawyer. Valerian tells Margaret that Michael, as usual, won’t actually visit. Margaret says she’s invited a friend of Michael’s, too, so Michael won’t get bored. Margaret is also planning to go and live near Michael, which Valerian thinks is a bad idea. He’s convinced that Michael isn’t very fond of either of them. Valerian makes Margaret promise that she won’t go to live near Michael unless Michael agrees to it.
This passage again highlights the unequal relationship between the Streets (Valerian and Margaret) and the Childs (Sydney and Ondine). Ondine is responsible not only for cooking for the Streets, but she must also navigate Margaret’s prickly personality, which seems to find fault at every turn. Valerian’s idea that Michael isn’t fond of him or Margaret raises the question of why that might be the case—have Michael’s parents perhaps done something to upset him? Michael’s choice of a career also puts him at odds with Valerian; whereas Valerian cut down parts of the rainforest to build an extravagant house, Michael is now intent on legally protecting the environment, further highlighting the differences between father and son.
Themes
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Valerian tells Margaret that Jadine is planning to stay for the winter. Jadine is Sydney and Ondine’s niece who they adopted after her parents both died by the time she was 12. Valerian says that Sydney and Ondine like having Jadine around because she’s all the family they have left. Valerian says Jadine is trying to get over a love affair and that she recently signed on with a modeling agency in New York. Valerian asks Margaret why she now acts cruelly toward Ondine when they used to be friends and gossip together in the kitchen during parties. Margaret doesn’t answer directly, but she tells Valerian not to worry because Sydney and Ondine won’t quit and will always be around. In the kitchen, Sydney and Ondine discuss Valerian and Margaret, focusing on Margaret’s pickiness. Ondine says she wants a plane ticket just to get away from Margaret.
Valerian accuses Margaret of acting cruelly toward Ondine, and Margaret responds that Ondine and Sydney will never leave, implying that she could treat Ondine even more cruelly, and Sydney and Ondine would stay. Margaret’s claim further reinforces the power imbalance between the wealthy, white Streets and the Black Childses. Ondine says that she wants a plane ticket to get away from Margaret, but Sydney understands that the idea is a fantasy. With that in mind, Sydney seems to view any possible escape from Margaret and Valerian—and, therefore, from the unjust power structures that shape his and Ondine’s lives—as illusory.
Themes
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Expectations of Womanhood Theme Icon
Colonialism and Enslavement Theme Icon
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Innocence and Guilt Theme Icon
Quotes
Get the entire Tar Baby LitChart as a printable PDF.
Tar Baby PDF
Sydney and Ondine then talk about whether Michael will actually visit this time. Ondine says that Michael doesn’t like being around Margaret and that he changed when he went to college. He used to be sweet, but now, whenever he sees Ondine, he tries to “liberate” her. Jadine comes into the kitchen. Jadine says she would like some chocolate, but when Ondine goes to look for it, most of the chocolate is gone. They think that someone must be stealing it. They wonder if Yardman, who does general maintenance work for the Streets, might have been stealing the chocolate, but they agree that he’s probably not the thief. Sydney and Ondine ask if Jadine will be modeling more, and Jadine says she wants to have her own business. Ondine and Sydney beam with happiness.
Ondine says that Michael doesn’t like being around Margaret, but she doesn’t reveal why, leading readers to speculate whether Ondine knows more about the tension between Michael and his parents than she’s letting on. The missing chocolate links the novel Tar Baby to the “Uncle Remus” story of the same name. In that story, Brer Rabbit steals food from Brer Fox’s farm before Brer Fox devises a plan to catch Brer Rabbit, similar to how this unknown thief now steals food from the Streets’ house.
Themes
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Colonialism and Enslavement Theme Icon
Innocence and Guilt Theme Icon