The Glass Hotel

by

Emily St. John Mandel

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The Glass Hotel: Chapter 11: Winter Summary & Analysis

Summary
Analysis
It’s the day after the holiday party. Oskar sits at his desk at work, still unsure of whether he should stick around or flee the country. He walks by Harvey’s office and sees him writing frantically at his desk. Joelle is by the photocopy machine, staring into space. Oskar goes to the 18th floor to use the photocopier there. Although Oskar wishes he could be happy for the “legitimate” workers who reside on the 18th floor, he’s “resentful.” When Oskar arrives on the upper floor, Alkaitis is not in his office. In his place are two men in suits looking around through his things. Simone silently watches the men work before informing Oskar that Alkaitis was arrested this morning.
Harvey is probably writing his confession, choosing to tackle the crisis and looming threat of arrest proactively. Joelle takes an opposite approach, seemingly still too shocked and in denial to do anything. Oskar’s longing to be happy for rather than “resentful” of Alkaitis’s “legitimate” staff illustrates the gap that exists between an idealized version of himself and the person he actually is. Oskar wants to be a selfless person, but in reality, he mostly just feels sorry for himself. Of course, it’s likely the case that, were the Floor 18 staff in Oskar’s position, they’d feel just as self-pitying and resentful as Oskar. Simone’s news about Alkaitis’s arrest confirms what everyone likely predicted. It also predicts what will soon be their fates as well.
Themes
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Guilt and Responsibility  Theme Icon
Greed, Delusion, and Self Interest  Theme Icon
Simone’s phone rings continuously, with angry people on the other end demanding to know what’s going on. Oskar urges her not to answer any more calls, stating that she “doesn’t deserve this,” before heading back to Seventeen. After grabbing his jacket, he continues down, nearly tripping on Joelle, who’s sitting on the 12th floor landing, anguishing over what her husband will think when he hears that Alkaitis has been arrested. She knows she’ll either have to lie to him about how much she knows or come clean about her involvement. She asks Oskar if he’s ever considered “why [they] were chosen” to work on the illegitimate side of the business—how did Alkaitis know they’d comply?  
Oskar’s advice to Simone seems to come from a place of compassion, as it indirectly acknowledges that her lack of involvement in the scheme makes her an unworthy recipient of the callers’ anger. Just as Jonathan kept Vincent in the dark about his firm’s fraud, Joelle has lied to her husband about her role at work, and she’s now faced with the option of continuing to lie to him or else come clean about what likely amounts to years of lies. Joelle’s question to Oskar about “why [they] were chosen” to work the illegitimate side of Alkaitis’s business is complicated. On the one hand, it’s clear that Alkaitis is a conman who preys on people’s personalities and insecurities to get them to do what he wants; on the other hand, the employees who committed fraud for him ultimately did so of their own accord.
Themes
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Guilt and Responsibility  Theme Icon
Fraud and Constructed Identity  Theme Icon
Greed, Delusion, and Self Interest  Theme Icon
Quotes
When Oskar reaches the lobby, he’s suddenly surrounded by a swarm of panicked, upset investors and the security guards who won’t let them through to Alkaitis’s offices. Oskar passes by Olivia Collins on his way out, though she doesn’t recognize him.
The remorse Oskar felt for Olivia early that morning seems to have been replaced by shame, and he hurries out of the building without helping her.
Themes
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Guilt and Responsibility  Theme Icon
Greed, Delusion, and Self Interest  Theme Icon
That morning, Olivia awoke to a phone call from a sobbing Monica, who broke the news to her about Jonathan’s security fraud. When Monica’s phone call came through, Olivia was sitting in the apartment she rented with the proceeds from her investment with Jonathan and had a hard time comprehending what Monica was saying. She told Monica she would go to the office and see what she could find out.
Olivia’s inability (or unwillingness) to understand Monica’s words probably stems from the fact that she already realizes she won’t be able to continue living in the apartment she’s only been able to rent because of her investment with Jonathan. The collapse of the Ponzi scheme is more catastrophic for investors like Olivia, who aren’t extremely wealthy, than for its perpetrators. 
Themes
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Greed, Delusion, and Self Interest  Theme Icon
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The lobby is in chaos when Olivia arrives, full of angry, confused people and overwhelmed security guards. Olivia tells a guard that she’s a personal friend of Alkaitis’s, and he tells her to call someone in the offices to come get her. She calls Alkaitis multiple times, but no one picks up. Eventually the chaos of the lobby becomes too much for her, and she returns to her apartment, dejected and trying to make sense of her new world. She calculates how many more months she can afford to stay in her apartment. 
In the end, Olivia’s friendship with Alkaitis does nothing to save her from impending financial ruin. Their friendship was a farce, and the reality is that a person she trusted was defrauding her all along.
Themes
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Fraud and Constructed Identity  Theme Icon
Greed, Delusion, and Self Interest  Theme Icon
Though it’s dark in New York, it’s only 3:00 p.m. in Las Vegas, where Leon Prevant is in the middle of a conference. Since being laid off a few years ago, Leon works as a consultant. Leon’s phone buzzes, and he excuses himself from the conference, though when he sees the call is from his accountant, he lets it go to voicemail. Leon returns to the meeting, in which shipping executives discuss their current “significant overcapacity problem.” Leon chimes in to tell of a friend at CMA who said they have ships anchored and not making any routes in Malaysia, “just sitting there,” as Miranda, Leon’s junior colleague, puts it. D’Ambrosio, Leon’s boss, reasons that this probably isn’t a bad option. Another colleague describes the unused ships as a “ghost fleet” and wonders whether they should just scrap them. Everyone debates this strategy some more, and the meeting ends.
The shipping company is also suffering from the economic collapse that brought about the implosion of Alkaitis’s Ponzi scheme. The company has a “significant overcapacity problem” because the bad economy has resulted in financially anxious consumers demanding fewer goods. This scene is significant since it’s the first time the narrative has visited Leon since his stay at the Hotel Caiette in 2005. It confirms that Leon’s fears about being laid off were correct, and though he manages to get jobs here and there as a consultant, he’s not as important a figure as he used to be. The effect the worldwide economic collapse has on the shipping industry resonates within the novel’s larger theme of complicity and interconnectedness, positioning the economic collapse as exerting a domino effect on different industries.
Themes
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After the meeting, Leon finds Miranda sitting on a couch in the atrium. She compliments his idea about parking unused ships in Malaysia, and he insists that they steer the subject away from “the economic downturn.” Miranda concurs that “there’s something almost tedious about disaster.” At first it’s chaotic, but then the economy just continues to collapse. Leon agrees, noting that it’s everyone’s “surprise” at the downturn of the shipping industry that bothers him: shouldn’t everyone have expected economic collapse to be followed by a decrease in people buying goods?
Miranda’s observation about the “tedious” aspect of the economic collapse shows how people can become accustomed to and accepting of disaster. In a more general sense, her observation cynically suggests that people’s adaptability allows them to turn a blind eye to broader social and economic ills, which indirectly renders them as complicit, willing participants in systems of exploitation and oppression.
Themes
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Guilt and Responsibility  Theme Icon
Greed, Delusion, and Self Interest  Theme Icon
Leon excuses himself to return his accountant’s call. Sounding “deeply shaken,” she tells him about Alkaitis’s arrest and the fraud. She informs him that his money wasn’t actually invested—it was stolen, and now it’s all gone. Leon can’t believe how stupid he was to have believed in the too-good-to-be-true returns. He hangs up the phone and leaves the conference center, trying to convince himself that he can recover from this.
The narrative confirms that during Leon’s conversation with Alkaitis at the Hotel Caiette in 2005, or perhaps sometime shortly after, Alkaitis managed to persuade Leon to invest everything in his fund. It’s likely that Leon’s decision was guided by his fear that he would soon lose his job and that, in Alkaitis’s externally charming, reassuring sales pitch, he saw a new opportunity for financial stability. Leon’s desperation probably affected his willingness to believe in Alkaitis’s suspiciously good returns.
Themes
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Fraud and Constructed Identity  Theme Icon
Alienation and Self-Knowledge  Theme Icon
Quotes
Leon thinks back to the day so long ago when Alkaitis had explained his work to him, had made him feel that the returns made sense and could be trusted. He walks down the Las Vegas Strip back to his hotel and passes by men and women wearing shirts that read “GIRLS TO YOUR ROOM IN 20 MINUTES.” He imagines the mundane, depressing existence of these girls as he tries to make a plan for his future. Near the hotel entrance, he calls Marie, who already knows.
Alkaitis is a conman, and he used an external façade of charm, reassurance, and trustworthiness to con Leon into handing over all his savings. The direness of Leon’s circumstances forces him to remove the rose-tinted glasses through which his former financial privilege allowed him to see the world, and he’s more attuned to the miseries that exist around him, such as the lives of the “20 minutes” girls. 
Themes
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Fraud and Constructed Identity  Theme Icon
Greed, Delusion, and Self Interest  Theme Icon
That evening, Ella Kaspersky is on CNN. Olivia and Leon watch, in New York and Las Vegas, respectively, and Oskar and Joelle watch at a bar in Midtown. Ella talks about how the “nearly perfect” angle of Alkaitis’s returns was what tipped her off to the fraud. She relays her history with Alkaitis to the CNN interviewer, explaining how, after being approached by Alkaitis in the lobby, she did the math, realized the returns were impossible, and contacted the SEC, who were unhelpful. Ever since then, she’s tried to reveal the truth about Alkaitis. Joelle observes that Ella “couldn’t be happier” about being right.
Joelle’s wry remark that Ella “couldn’t be happier” about being right about Alkaitis’s Ponzi scheme implies that Ella is selfishly, subjectively pleased by the securities fraud, since it gives her personal credibility. Her happiness is selfish because it comes at the expense of Alkaitis’s defrauded investors, as well as the staffers like Joelle who likely will also face prison time. Ella seems to have deluded herself into believing that her pursuit of Alkaitis was for the greater good when, in reality, it likely was at least partially motivated by her personal vendetta against him.
Themes
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Fraud and Constructed Identity  Theme Icon
Greed, Delusion, and Self Interest  Theme Icon
The investors return to the Gradia Building the next morning. Harvey tries to avoid making eye contact with them, but Olivia recognizes and confronts him, asking if he knew about the fraud. Harvey brushes her off and goes upstairs. When he arrives on Seventeen, he finds the police there and, rather than flee, he introduces himself to them. Joelle doesn’t go into work that day, choosing to take her kids for a day out instead, though she sporadically bursts into tears. On the way home, she tells them they’ll remember this day forever.
Harvey represses the reality of the consequences he’s sure to face, actively snubbing Olivia as she desperately demands answers. When he’s confronted by the police on Seventeen, though, it suddenly becomes to his benefit to address the scandal in order to ingratiate himself with the authorities, so he changes his tune, likely offering to come clean about everything he knows in order to negotiate a lighter sentence.Joelle tries to treat her kids to a fun day as though nothing is wrong, though her sporadic tears prove that she’s unable to completely suppress the thoughts of her impending fate.
Themes
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Guilt and Responsibility  Theme Icon
Fraud and Constructed Identity  Theme Icon
Greed, Delusion, and Self Interest  Theme Icon
After spending the day feigning confusion, Oskar is the last to leave the office. On his way out, he runs into Simone, who is carrying some things from Claire's office, one of which is a photo of Claire and her kids. Oskar postulates that “in the ghost version of his life,” in which he’d gone to the authorities so many years ago, Claire and her kids are spared all this turmoil. Oskar invites Simone to get a drink, but she immediately turns him down, which irritates Oskar. Simone exits the Gradia Building and meets Claire in the back of an idling SUV.
Oskar’s “ghost version of his life” positions him as a person who was capable of doing the right thing, but who failed to do so. Thinking about this alternate reality and the life Claire and her family might have had in it makes Oskar realize that his inaction has consequences that extend far beyond his own life.
Themes
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Guilt and Responsibility  Theme Icon
Fraud and Constructed Identity  Theme Icon
Regret and Disillusionment  Theme Icon
Claire, who seems almost sedated, quietly thanks Simone for retrieving her things before ordering the driver to take Simone home to East Williamsburg. It begins to snow outside. Simone asks Claire how many people knew about the fraud. Claire thinks that everyone in asset management knew what was going on, though probably nobody on Eighteen. Before dropping off Simone at her apartment, Claire tells her that she’s lucky: for the rest of her life, Simone will be “a person with a really excellent cocktail story.”
Claire’s wry remark to Simone cynically reduces her own suffering, and the damages incurred by Alkaitis’s investors, as fodder Simone can repurpose and use for personal gain, to entertain people at parties and make herself seem like an interesting person with an eventful, scandalous life.
Themes
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Greed, Delusion, and Self Interest  Theme Icon
Quotes
Meanwhile, downtown, Oskar has just left work. The snowfall grows heavier. Two detectives flash their badges at him almost immediately after he exits the Gradia Building. In another world, he imagines himself running from the detectives. In his real life, however, he stays and allows himself to be arrested and handcuffed by the FBI agents.
Similar to the counterlife daydreams Alkaitis has in prison, Oskar’s alternate reality scenario is pure fantasy: it’s a dream world in which Oskar can commit a crime while simultaneously avoiding the resultant consequences. Oskar’s dream is an attempt at escape, not an expression of remorse.
Themes
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Guilt and Responsibility  Theme Icon
Fraud and Constructed Identity  Theme Icon
Greed, Delusion, and Self Interest  Theme Icon
Regret and Disillusionment  Theme Icon
It’s six months later, at the sentencing hearing. Alkaitis’s lawyer begs the judge for mercy, reasoning that everybody makes mistakes. The judge looks amazed at this understatement of the century, and Olivia, who is attending the hearing, wonders if the lawyer recognizes his error. The lawyer, Veer Sethi, presses on with his story, attempting to humanize Jonathan. He speaks of a modest family, Jonathan, Claire, and Suzanne, living in a small, suburban house, taking modest vacations close to home, and visiting parents over holidays. Claire goes to college and takes a job at Jonathan’s legitimate brokerage company, and then Suzanne is diagnosed with cancer. Without making excuses for Alkaitis’s behavior, Sethi reasons that Alkaitis’s grief can explain why and how the fraud began during this time.
Sethi attempts to minimize Alkaitis’s complicity in the Ponzi scheme, suggesting that defrauding investors of millions of dollars is a misstep that could befall anyone.  He deprives Alkaitis of agency when he suggests that the fraud was a side effect of Alkaitis’s guilt, rather than a crime he committed while he was of sound mind.  
Themes
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Guilt and Responsibility  Theme Icon
Fraud and Constructed Identity  Theme Icon
Greed, Delusion, and Self Interest  Theme Icon
Sethi continues, painting the fraud as “something that happened” to Alkaitis and his investors rather than something Alkaitis did himself. He explains how Alkaitis had invested in dot-com companies, how he’d been caught off-guard by their failure, and how all this led up to his grave mistake of using a new investor’s money to cover his losses. Ultimately, Sethi claims that Alkaitis made this mistake out of fear. He had lost so much already—his wife, his money—that all that remained for him was his work, which he was so terrified of losing that he would do anything to stay afloat.
Sethi continues to position Alkaitis as a victim of broader economic hardship rather than an active and willing participant in a Ponzi scheme. Though Sethi’s apologist narrative of Alkaitis’s crimes unfairly minimizes his role in them, it accurately depicts how fully Alkaitis relied on other people and external pursuits to give his life meaning and to shape his identity. It’s probably true, to an extent, that Alkaitis needed to perpetuate a narrative of success and perseverance in the aftermath of Suzanne’s death.
Themes
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Fraud and Constructed Identity  Theme Icon
Greed, Delusion, and Self Interest  Theme Icon
Alienation and Self-Knowledge  Theme Icon
Sethi continues, claiming that while Alkaitis might be “deeply flawed,” he’s not “an evil man.” As Sethi finishes making his case, the state’s lawyers smirk before making their own case, in which they argue that the Ponzi scheme began well before the dot-com crash, in the 1970s. In the end, Alkaitis is sentenced to 170 years in prison.
Sethi’s claim that Alkaitis is “deeply flawed” but not “evil” might very well be true, but Alkaitis’s position as a flawed protagonist of sorts doesn’t absolve him of the crimes he committed of his own accord, and it doesn’t negate the impact those crimes had on Alkaitis’s victims, which is why the court rules to convict him of those crimes and hands down a harsh sentence.
Themes
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Guilt and Responsibility  Theme Icon
Fraud and Constructed Identity  Theme Icon
Greed, Delusion, and Self Interest  Theme Icon
Olivia ruminates on the judge making the obligatory plans for Jonathan’s supervised release, as futile as those plans might be. As Olivia emerges from the subway outside her sister’s home, she thinks of two ideas for ghost stories: one, of a man who is granted supervised release after a 170-year prison sentence, and the other of “a woman who drift[s] unseen through the city of New York until she fade[s] into the crowds and the heat.”
That the judge makes plans for Jonathan’s release is ridiculous because Jonathan would be over 200 years old by the time he’s released from prison. Olivia’s ideas for ghost stories harks back to the game she and Renata would play as Renata posed for her. It’s clear that the two ghosts Olivia creates are Jonathan and herself, respectively. In transforming herself and Jonathan into hypothetical ghosts, Olivia implicitly alludes to the complete destruction they’ve both incurred as a result of the scheme: Jonathan’s crimes have essentially given him a death sentence, and they’ve doomed Olivia to a life of financial ruin. Imagining herself and Jonathan as ghosts speaks to the finality of their grim fates.
Themes
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Greed, Delusion, and Self Interest  Theme Icon