The Great Influenza

by

John M. Barry

Pathogen Term Analysis

A pathogen is an organism or virus that causes a disease. Finding the pathogen behind the 1918 influenza pandemic was a major goal for scientists from that era, because then it would be possible to target the pathogen with a vaccine or cure.

Pathogen Quotes in The Great Influenza

The The Great Influenza quotes below are all either spoken by Pathogen or refer to Pathogen. For each quote, you can also see the other terms and themes related to it (each theme is indicated by its own dot and icon, like this one:
Leadership and Crisis Theme Icon
).
Chapter 8 Quotes

In the days before antibiotics, an infection launched a race to the death between the pathogen and the immune system. Sometimes a victim would become desperately ill; then, suddenly and almost miraculously, the fever would break and the victim would recover. This “resolution by crisis” occurred when the immune system barely won the race, when it counterattacked massively and successfully.

But once the body survives an infection, it gains an advantage. For the immune system epitomizes the saying that that which does not kill you makes you stronger.

Page Number: 36
Explanation and Analysis:
Chapter 23 Quotes

Lewis knew full well that little of what he was doing was good science. It was all, or nearly all, based on informed guesswork. He only worked harder.

As he worked, the society about him teetered on the edge of collapse.

Related Characters: Paul Lewis, Simon Flexner, Richard Pfeiffer
Page Number: 287
Explanation and Analysis:
Chapter 35 Quotes

The greatest questions remained the simplest ones: What caused influenza? What was the pathogen? Was Pfeiffer right when he identified a cause and named it Bacillus influenzae? And if he was not right, then what did cause it? What was the killer?

Related Characters: Paul Lewis, Richard Shope, Richard Pfeiffer
Page Number: 411
Explanation and Analysis:
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Pathogen Term Timeline in The Great Influenza

The timeline below shows where the term Pathogen appears in The Great Influenza. The colored dots and icons indicate which themes are associated with that appearance.
Chapter 8
Science vs. Nature Theme Icon
Before antibiotics, it used to be a race to the death between pathogens and the immune system. Once someone survives an infection, however, their immune system is better... (full context)
Chapter 17
Leadership and Crisis Theme Icon
Truth, Free Press, and Propaganda Theme Icon
Science vs. Nature Theme Icon
...it. Krusen heard news that Paul Lewis might be on the verge of identifying the pathogen for the new influenza, meaning a serum and vaccine could soon follow. Krusen only focused... (full context)
Chapter 22
Science vs. Nature Theme Icon
Education, Research, and Institutions Theme Icon
...what was the pathology (what did it do to the body)? Third, what was the pathogen (what microorganism caused it)? (full context)
Science vs. Nature Theme Icon
Education, Research, and Institutions Theme Icon
...a strict quarantine, which only slowed it down at best. The third question, about the pathogen, was the trickiest to answer but provided perhaps the best hope of effectively combatting the... (full context)
Science vs. Nature Theme Icon
Education, Research, and Institutions Theme Icon
...with what they already knew, starting with the use of disinfectants to get rid of pathogens outside the body. One scientist named Richard Pfeiffer, working under Koch, believed that he discovered... (full context)
Chapter 23
Science vs. Nature Theme Icon
Education, Research, and Institutions Theme Icon
Park treated research like a war, investing all the lab’s resources into investigating the pathogen of the new influenza variant. But at first he was frustrated, as people in the... (full context)
Chapter 34
Science vs. Nature Theme Icon
Education, Research, and Institutions Theme Icon
...most crowded areas saw the worst spread. Still, one major gap in knowledge remained: the pathogen was still unknown, despite the efforts of the best scientists from around the world. (full context)
Chapter 35
Science vs. Nature Theme Icon
Education, Research, and Institutions Theme Icon
...and into the 1930s. In 1931, Pfeiffer himself still believed he’d found the most likely pathogen, although Welch believed the real culprit may have been an unknown virus. (full context)