Tropic of Cancer grapples with the question of what constitutes literature, and in doing so it forces readers to contend with it as well. The novel begins with the bold declamation, “This is not a book, in the ordinary sense of the word. No, this is a prolonged insult, a gob of spit in the face of Art […].” As the work proceeds, it seems intent on sticking to this credo: the most basic hallmarks of a classic novel—plot and character development—are conspicuously absent, and the book instead offers a repetitive and apparently meaningless series of sordid sexual vignettes and misanthropic ramblings. There is little traditionally “literary” content to be found. The book even seems to violate the fundamental requirement for literary fiction: that it be fictional. By giving the novel’s narrator his own name and life story, Miller conveys the impression that his book is an utterly unadorned, uncomposed, un-“artistic” account of his disreputable life.
This impression, however, exactly captures the novel’s literary ambition. Tropic of Cancer’s narrator, like its author, is a writer struggling to find an adequate form of self-expression. Almost all previous literature, he thinks, has been constrained by both moral and artistic conventions. In his quest for artistic freedom, then, the narrator wants to abandon these conventions entirely: as he says late in the book, “my idea […] has been to get off the gold standard of literature.” Miller wants to overcome traditional criteria for evaluating literary and artistic merit through the sheer emotional energy of his prose, thereby introducing a new degree of honesty into writing. In refusing to fictionalize or draw morals from his own sleazy existence, Miller suggests that conveying the truth about life requires a writer to reject artificial and restrictive conventions, and in doing so he expands the possibilities of what can be considered “literature.”
Literature and Artistic Freedom ThemeTracker
Literature and Artistic Freedom Quotes in Tropic of Cancer
I have no money, no resources, no hopes. I am the happiest man alive. A year ago, six months ago, I thought that I was an artist. I no longer think about it, I am. Everything that was literature has fallen from me. There are no more books to be written, thank God. This then? This is not a book. This is libel, slander, defamation of character. This is not a book, in the ordinary sense of the word. No, this is a prolonged insult, a gob of spit in the face of Art, a kick in the pants to God, Man, Destiny, Time, Love, Beauty... what you will.
There is only one thing which interests me vitally now, and that is the recording of all that which is omitted in books. Nobody, so far as I can see, is making use of those elements in the air which give direction and motivation to our lives. Only the killers seem to be extracting from life some satisfactory measure of what they are putting into it. The age demands violence, but we are getting only abortive explosions.
A weird sort of contentment in those days. No appointments, no invitations for dinner, no program, no dough. The golden period, when I had not a single friend.
And while it's all very nice to know that a woman has a mind, literature coming from the cold corpse of a whore is the last thing to be served in bed. Germaine had the right idea: she was ignorant and lusty, she put her heart and soul into her work. She was a whore all the way through—and that was her virtue!
"I hate Paris!" he whines. "All these stupid people playing cards all day... look at them! And this writing! What's the use of putting words together? I can be a writer without writing, can't I? What does it prove if I write a book? What do we want with books anyway? There are too many books already..."
Art consists in going the full length. If you start with the drums you have to end with dynamite, or TNT.
And so I think what a miracle it would be if this miracle which man attends eternally should turn out to be nothing more than these two enormous turds which the faithful disciple dropped in the bidet. What if at the last moment, when the banquet table is set and the cymbals clash, there should appear suddenly, and wholly without warning, a silver platter on which even the blind could see that there is nothing more, and nothing less, than two enormous lumps of [feces]. That, I believe would be more miraculous than anything which man has looked forward to. It would be miraculous because it would be undreamed of. It would be more miraculous than even the wildest dream because anybody could imagine the possibility but nobody ever has, and probably nobody ever again will.
"That guy," he begins, meaning Carl, "that guy's an artist. He described every detail minutely. He told it to me with such accuracy that I know it's all a god-damned lie... but I can't dismiss it from my mind. You know how my mind works!"
Once out of his sight we began to laugh hysterically. The false teeth! […] There are people in this world who cut such a grotesque figure that even death renders them ridiculous. And the more horrible the death the more ridiculous they seem. It's no use trying to invest the end with a little dignity – you have to be a liar and a hypocrite to discover anything tragic in their going. And since we didn't have to put on a false front we could laugh about the incident to our heart's content.
They have a wonderful therapeutic effect upon me, these catastrophes which I proof-read. Imagine a state of perfect immunity, a charmed existence, a life of absolute security in the midst of poison bacilli. Nothing touches me, neither earthquakes nor explosions nor riots nor famine nor collisions nor wars nor revolutions. I am inoculated against every disease, every calamity, every sorrow and misery.
The wallpaper with which the men of science have covered the world of reality is falling to tatters. The grand whorehouse which they have made of life requires no decoration; it is essential only that the drains function adequately. Beauty, that feline beauty which has us by the balls in America, is finished. To fathom the new reality it is first necessary to dismantle the drains, to lay open the gangrened ducts which compose the genito-urinary system that supplies the excreta of art.
Sex everywhere: it was slopping over, a neap-tide that swept the props from under the city.
There was nothing pressing, except to finish the book, and that didn't worry me much because I was already convinced that nobody would accept it anyway.
Up to the present, my idea in collaborating with myself has been to get off the gold standard of literature.
When I look down into that crack I see an equation sign, the world at balance, a world reduced to zero and no trace of remainder. Not the zero on which Van Norden turned his flashlight, not the empty crack of the prematurely disillusioned man, but an Arabian zero rather, the sign from which spring endless mathematical worlds […]
But do you know what saved me? So I think, at least. It was Faust. Yeah! Her old man happened to see it lying on the table. He asked me if I understood German. One thing led to another and before I knew it he was looking through my books. Fortunately I happened to have the Shakespeare open too. That impressed him like hell. He said I was evidently a very serious guy.
The sun is setting. I feel this river flowing through me – its past, its ancient soil, the changing climate. The hills gently girdle it about: its course is fixed.