Hamnet

by

Maggie O'Farrell

Freedom, Restraint, and Genius Theme Analysis

Themes and Colors
Loss and Grief Theme Icon
Fate and Fortune Theme Icon
Freedom, Restraint, and Genius Theme Icon
The Power of Love  Theme Icon
Identity, Choice, and Sacrifice Theme Icon
LitCharts assigns a color and icon to each theme in Hamnet, which you can use to track the themes throughout the work.
Freedom, Restraint, and Genius Theme Icon

Agnes and the tutor both grow up feeling trapped by social and familial expectations. The tutor’s father, John, controls his family through violence and threats. Agnes and Bartholomew’s stepmother, Joan, tries to beat her stepchildren into conformity with conventional expectations and hard labor. It’s not surprising, then, that when Agnes and the tutor meet, each sees in the other a kindred spirit. Their marriage allows them both to escape their limitations to varying degrees—though Agnes remains limited by her gender. And although the book details the costs their freedom entails—Agnes’s loneliness in her husband’s absence; the desperate desire of Susanna, Hamnet, and Judith for their father during his extended absences, his own hard choice between domestic happiness and artistic calling—it generally depicts them as worthy of the result. Through these sacrifices, Agnes and her husband give the world William Shakespeare, the greatest poet and playwright of his generation, if not of English literature as a whole.

Still, the book doesn’t criticize those who choose to live more constrained lives—at least not those who are well-suited for them. The novel suggests that the world needs women like Susanna, Mary, and Joan to choose lives of domestic industry, and men like Bartholomew and John to choose farming and glove-making. Rather, Hamnet proposes that its vision of wild freedom is worth the costs to those—like Agnes, her husband, and their daughter Judith—who won’t find fulfillment in a simple life. These three belong to what the tutor describes as another realm entirely from the world occupied by most people, and this knowledge gives them the strength to face the necessary sacrifices and, ultimately, to turn even their most painful losses into something timeless and enduring.

Related Themes from Other Texts
Compare and contrast themes from other texts to this theme…

Freedom, Restraint, and Genius ThemeTracker

The ThemeTracker below shows where, and to what degree, the theme of Freedom, Restraint, and Genius appears in each chapter of Hamnet. Click or tap on any chapter to read its Summary & Analysis.
How often theme appears:
chapter length:
Get the entire Hamnet LitChart as a printable PDF.
Hamnet PDF

Freedom, Restraint, and Genius Quotes in Hamnet

Below you will find the important quotes in Hamnet related to the theme of Freedom, Restraint, and Genius.
Chapter 2  Quotes

As he stands at Hewlands’ window, the need to leave, to rebel, to escape is so great that it fills him to his very outer edge: he can eat nothing from the plate the farmer’s widow left for him, so crammed is he with the urge to leave, to get away, to move his feet and legs to some other place, as far away from here as he can manage.

[…] He is just about to turn and face his pupils when he sees, from the trees, a figure emerge.

For a moment, the tutor believes it to be a young man […who] moves out of the trees with a brand of masculine insouciance or entitlement, covering the ground with booted strides. There is some kind of bird on his outstretched fist […]. It sits hunched, subdued, its body swaying with the movement of its companion, its familiar.

Related Characters: Agnes, William Shakespeare, John, James, Thomas
Related Symbols: Birds
Page Number: 29
Explanation and Analysis:
Chapter 4 Quotes

“It’s a kestrel, not a hawk,” he says, in a rush. “She trained it herself. A priest taught her. She has a gauntlet and the bird takes off, like an arrow, up through the trees. You have never seen anything like it. It is so different when it flies—it is almost, you might think, two creatures. One on the ground and another in the air. When she calls, it returns to her, circling in these great wheels in the sky, and it lands with such force upon the glove, such determination.”

Related Characters: William Shakespeare (speaker), Agnes, Eliza
Related Symbols: Birds
Page Number: 64
Explanation and Analysis:

When she had taken his hand that day, the first time she had met him, she had felt—what? Something of which she’d never known the like. Something she would never have expected to find in the hand of a clean-booted, grammar-school boy from town. It was far-reaching: this much she knew. It had layers and strata, like a landscape. There were spaces and vacancies, dense patches, underground caves, rises and descents. There wasn’t enough time for her to get a sense of it all—it was too big, too complex. It eluded her, mostly. She knew there was more of it than she could grasp, that it was bigger than both of them. A sense, too, that something was tethering him, holding him back; there was a tie somewhere, a bond, that needed to be loosened or broken, before he could fully inhabit this landscape, before he could take command.

Related Characters: Agnes, William Shakespeare
Page Number: 69
Explanation and Analysis:
Chapter 8 Quotes

She thinks […how] a glove covers and fits and restrains the hand. She thinks of the skins in the storeroom, pulled and stretched almost—but not quite—to the tearing or breaking point. She thinks of the tools in the workshop, for cutting and shaping, pinning and piercing. She thinks of what must be discarded and stolen from the animal in order to make it useful to the glove-maker: the heart, the bones, the soul, the spirit, the blood, the viscera. A glover will only ever want the skin, the surface, the outer layer. Everything else is useless, an inconvenience, an unnecessary mess. She thinks of the private cruelty behind something as beautiful and perfect as a glove. She thinks that if she took his hand […] she might see the landscape she saw before but […also a] dark and looming presence there, with tools to eviscerate and flay and thieve […]

Related Characters: Agnes, William Shakespeare, John, Edmond
Related Symbols: Gloves
Page Number: 121-122
Explanation and Analysis:
Chapter 10 Quotes

“Something about rain. And branches. But I couldn’t properly make it out.”

Bartholomew regards him for a second or two, turning these words over and over in his mind. Rain and branches. Branches. Rain. Then he lifts his crook and tucks it into his belt.

“Get up,” he says.

The husband is still speaking, more to himself than anyone else. “She was here this morning and then she wasn’t,” he is saying. “The Fates have intervened and swept her away from me, as if on a tide, and I have no idea how to find her, no idea where to look and—”

“I do.”

“—I shall not rest until I find her, until we are—” The husband stops short and raises his head. “You do?”

“Yes.”

“How?” he demands. “How can you know her mind so quickly and yet I, who am married to her, cannot begin—”

Related Characters: William Shakespeare (speaker), Bartholomew (speaker), Agnes, Susanna
Page Number: 138
Explanation and Analysis:
Chapter 14 Quotes

And now the moment has arrived. Agnes conjugates it: he is going, he will be gone, he will go. She has put these circumstances together; she has set it all in motion, as if she were the puppeteer, hidden behind a screen, gently pulling on the strings of her wooden people, easing and guiding them on where to go. She asked Bartholomew to speak to John, then waited for John to speak to her husband. None of this would have happened if she hadn’t got Bartholomew to plant the idea in John’s head. She has created this moment—no one else—and yet, now it is happening, she finds that it is entirely at odds with what she desires.

Related Characters: Agnes, William Shakespeare, John, Bartholomew
Page Number: 175-176
Explanation and Analysis:
Chapter 16 Quotes

So much to mull over in this letter. It has taken Agnes days to absorb all the detail; she has run the words over and over inside her head, she has traced them with a finger, and now she has them down to memory. Jewels and beads. Scenes in court. The hands of young stage boys. And soft gloves for ladies. There is something in the way he has written all this, in such lingering detail, in the long passage about these gloves for the players that alerts Agnes to something. She is not yet sure what. Some kind of change in him, some alteration or turning. Never has he written so much about so little: a glove contract. It is just a contract, like many others, so why, then, does she feel like a small animal, hearing something far off?

Related Characters: Agnes, William Shakespeare, John
Related Symbols: Gloves
Page Number: 188
Explanation and Analysis:
Chapter 18 Quotes

He will never come again. There is a part of her that would like to wind up time, to gather it in, like yarn. She would like to spin the wheel backwards, unmake the skein of Hament’s death, his boyhood, his infancy, his birth, right back until the moment she and her husband cleaved together in that bed to create the twins. She would like to unspool it all, render it all back down to raw fleece, to find her way back, to that moment, and she would stand up, she would turn her face to the stars, to the heavens, to the moon, and appeal to them to change what lay in wait for him, to plead with them to devise a different outcome for him, please, please. She would do anything for this, give anything, yield up whatever the heavens wanted.

Related Characters: Agnes, William Shakespeare, Hamnet, Judith, Mary
Page Number: 241
Explanation and Analysis:

To him, it is the best place to be, before a performance: the stage below him, the audience filling the circular hollow in a steady trickle, and the other players behind him, transforming themselves into sprites or princes or soldiers or ladies or monsters. It is the only place to be alone in such a crowd. He feels like a bird, above the ground, resting on nothing but air. He is not of this place but above it, apart from it, observing it. It brings to mind, for him, the wind-hovering kestrel his wife used to keep, and the way it would hold itself in the high currents, far above the tree tops, wings outstretched, looking down on all around it.

Related Characters: Agnes, William Shakespeare
Related Symbols: Birds
Page Number: 294-295
Explanation and Analysis: