Scott Carmichael is the DIA counterintelligence officer who investigated and interrogated Ana Belen Montes in response to Reg Brown’s suspicion that Montes was a Cuban informant. Initially, Carmichael found nothing unusual about Montes’s files. In retrospect, Carmichael realizes that many of Montes’s early statements and reactions should have raised his suspicions. Gladwell interprets Carmichael’s initial lack of suspicion as evidence of Tim Levine’s Truth-Default Theory in action: Carmichael might have had minor doubts about Montes, but they weren’t enough to convince him of the huge allegation that Montes was a spy.