Wolf Hall

by

Hilary Mantel

Thomas Cromwell

Cromwell is the protagonist of Wolf Hall. The son of a blacksmith from Putney, England, Cromwell rises to become King Henry VIII’s most trusted advisor. The novel traces his unlikely rise in court… read analysis of Thomas Cromwell

King Henry VIII

Henry is the king of England. His desire to divorce his wife, Queen Katherine, and marry Anne Boleyn spurs the events of the novel. Henry is a study in contrasts. On the one hand… read analysis of King Henry VIII

Cardinal Wolsey

At the beginning of the novel, Wolsey is the Archbishop of York and Lord Chancellor to King Henry. Cromwell works as Wolsey’s lawyer and assistant. At first, Wolsey is an extremely powerful chief advisor… read analysis of Cardinal Wolsey

Anne Boleyn

Anne Boleyn is King Henry’s second wife and mother to his daughter Elizabeth. Anne first comes to the English court as a lady-in-waiting to Queen Katherine. At the time, Anne is around… read analysis of Anne Boleyn

Thomas More

Thomas More is a lawyer and scholar in Henry’s court who becomes Lord Chancellor after Wolsey. More is a contrasting character to Cromwell. While Cromwell comes from poverty, More is the son… read analysis of Thomas More
Get the entire Wolf Hall LitChart as a printable PDF.
Wolf Hall PDF

Stephen Gardiner

Gardiner is King Henry’s Master Secretary and envoy to Rome and France. Henry also names him Bishop of Winchester, which is a high honor since it is one of the richest bishoprics in the… read analysis of Stephen Gardiner

Queen Katherine

Queen Katherine is King Henry’s first wife. Katherine, a princess from Spain, was initially married to Henry’s older brother, Arthur. Four months into their marriage, Arthur got sick and died. At that time… read analysis of Queen Katherine

Walter Cromwell

Walter Cromwell is Thomas Cromwell’s blacksmith father. At the beginning of the novel, he gives his son a beating that almost kills him and prompts him to run away from home. Thomas Cromwell seems… read analysis of Walter Cromwell

Liz Wykys

Liz is Cromwell’s beloved wife, who dies of the sweating sickness. Cromwell worked for Liz’s father, Henry Wykys, and helped him revitalize his broadcloth business. Henry Wykys was so impressed with Cromwell’s business… read analysis of Liz Wykys

Jane Seymour

Jane Seymour is one of Anne Boleyn’s ladies-in-waiting. Her quiet humor and kindness catch Thomas Cromwell’s eye. She is a pale, quiet girl when he first sees her, and she seems immediately different to… read analysis of Jane Seymour

Thomas Wriothesley/“Call-Me-Risley”

Wriothesley is a clerk who works for both Stephen Gardiner and Thomas Cromwell. Rafe and Richard mock Wriothesley for his complicated last name, which he says is pronounced “Risley,” and also because he works… read analysis of Thomas Wriothesley/“Call-Me-Risley”

William Tyndale

Tyndale translated the Bible into English, even though the Catholic Church believes that the Bible must only be written in Latin. This is why Thomas More brands him a heretic, causing Tyndale to flee from… read analysis of William Tyndale

Eliza Barton, “The Maid”

Barton, who is popularly known as “The Maid,” is a prophetess who becomes famous for claiming to speak to angels and the dead. She claims that King Henry will be struck by lightning and die… read analysis of Eliza Barton, “The Maid”

Harry Percy

Harry Percy is the Earl of Northumberland. He fell in love with Anne Boleyn when she first appeared in court. The two even took vows in front of some witnesses, but at Cardinal Wolsey’s… read analysis of Harry Percy

Thomas Boleyn

Thomas Boleyn is Anne Boleyn’s father. He is an ambitious and unscrupulous man who has no qualms about using his daughters, Anne and Mary Boleyn, to make his way up in court. When… read analysis of Thomas Boleyn

Mary Boleyn/Lady Carey

Mary Boleyn is Anne Boleyn’s older sister. She was King Henry’s mistress before he began his relationship with Anne. Anne is jealous of Mary because Henry used to sleep with her, and Anne… read analysis of Mary Boleyn/Lady Carey

Mary Tudor

Mary Tudor is Queen Katherine’s only surviving child. Her diminutive size—Norfolk calls her a “talking shrimp”—contrasts with her dignity and gravity. Katherine had assumed that Mary would inherit the throne, but Henryread analysis of Mary Tudor

Pope Clement

Pope Clement is the pope of the Catholic Church in Rome when King Henry is trying to annul his marriage to Katherine. He rules against Henry’s annulment, siding with Queen Katherine and her nephew… read analysis of Pope Clement

Uncle John

Uncle John was Cromwell’s uncle and Cardinal Morton’s cook. When Cromwell was a little boy, he visited his uncle sometimes and helped in the kitchens, and he got fed in return. During his… read analysis of Uncle John

Johane

After Liz Wykys’s death, her sister Johane comes to live in Cromwell’s house to help him with running the household. She is very similar to Liz in the way she looks and speaks… read analysis of Johane

Patch/Sexton

Patch is Cardinal Wolsey’s fool, whom he gives to King Henry as a goodwill gesture even though Patch protests this violently. After the cardinal’s death, some courtiers put on a play that mocks Wolsey… read analysis of Patch/Sexton

Eustache Chapuys

Chapuys is Emperor Charles’s ambassador to London. Chapuys spies on the events at the English court and sends the information back to Charles. He is aligned with Queen Katherine’s cause and initially seems… read analysis of Eustache Chapuys

Thomas Cranmer

Thomas Cranmer is a Cambridge scholar who comes to court to work for Anne Boleyn since he, like her, is interested in the work of Tyndale and Luther. Anne believes that Cranmer’s learning might… read analysis of Thomas Cranmer

Rafe Sadler

Rafe Sadler is Cromwell’s chief clerk, who came to the Cromwell household to train under Cromwell when he was just a boy of seven. His father, Henry Sadler, sends him to Cromwell because… read analysis of Rafe Sadler

Gregory Cromwell

Gregory is Cromwell’s son and his only child who survives the sweating sickness. After Gregory is born, Cromwell promises to be as “tender” to Gregory as Walter was cruel to Cromwell. Cromwell stays true… read analysis of Gregory Cromwell

Richard Williams/Richard Cromwell

Richard is Cromwell’s nephew, and the son of Kat and Morgan Williams. After his parents die, he moves into Cromwell’s household at Austin Friars and Cromwell brings him up like one of his… read analysis of Richard Williams/Richard Cromwell

Jane Rochford

Jane Rochford is one of Anne Boleyn’s ladies-in-waiting and her sister-in-law, married to her brother George Boleyn. Jane and George share a loveless marriage that Jane is spiteful about. When Mary Boleyn is… read analysis of Jane Rochford

Kat

Kat is Thomas Cromwell’s sister and she cares for him after their father beats him up. Since Cromwell’s mother is dead and he has never known her, Kat is a mother figure to him… read analysis of Kat

Duke of Norfolk/Thomas Howard

Norfolk is one of the members of Henry’s council and uncle to Anne Boleyn. He hates Wolsey for wielding influence over the king and is happy to raid his house and get rid… read analysis of Duke of Norfolk/Thomas Howard

Duke of Suffolk/Charles Brandon

Suffolk is Henry’s brother-in-law and a member of the king’s council. He is married to Henry’s sister, who used to be the Queen of France. Like Norfolk, Suffolk dislikes Wolsey for wielding a huge… read analysis of Duke of Suffolk/Charles Brandon

George Cavendish

Cavendish is Cardinal Wolsey’s usher, who serves him faithfully even after his fall from grace. He tries to arrange for the cardinal’s every comfort even though the cardinal has no money left. After the… read analysis of George Cavendish

Little Bilney

Little Bilney is a priest who questions some aspects of the Catholic faith, like the belief in purgatory and keeping fasts and vigils. Cromwell warns him that these are dangerous ideas to voice, but Bilney… read analysis of Little Bilney

Thomas Wyatt

Thomas Wyatt is a poet and courtier. He is the son of Henry Wyatt. Thomas used to be in love with Anne Boleyn, but after Henry expressed an interest in her, he went… read analysis of Thomas Wyatt

Antonio Bonvisi

Bonvisi is an Italian merchant who is friends with Thomas More. After Wolsey is dismissed from his position as Lord Chancellor, Bonvisi invites Cromwell to dinner to try and convince him to stay away… read analysis of Antonio Bonvisi

Mary Shelton

Mary Shelton is Anne Boleyn’s cousin and one of her ladies-in-waiting. When Anne is pregnant for the second time, Henry turns his attention to Mary Shelton since Mary Boleyn is not at court. Anne… read analysis of Mary Shelton

Mark Smeaton

Mark Smeaton is a young lute player whom Cromwell dislikes deeply. Mark used to work for Cardinal Wolsey, and the cardinal sends him as a present to Anne Boleyn. Before the boy leaves… read analysis of Mark Smeaton

John Seymour

John Seymour is the head of the household at Wolf Hall. His name is disgraced in court because he has an incestuous affair with his daughter-in-law. Old John’s disgraceful behavior underlines the idea that people… read analysis of John Seymour

Bishop Fisher

Fisher is Bishop of Rochester and legal adviser to Queen Katherine. He stays committed to Katherine’s cause and therefore incurs the anger of Anne Boleyn and Henry. Fisher admits to supporting the Maidread analysis of Bishop Fisher

The Loller

When Cromwell was a young boy, he watched an old Loller woman being burned for heresy. (A “Loller” was someone who followed the anti-Catholic teachings of John Wycliffe.) The violence of the incident sticks with… read analysis of The Loller

John Frith

Frith is a young scholar whom Cromwell respects deeply. Thomas More imprisons Frith for heresy because he translated Luther into English. Cromwell tells Frith that he can get him an interview with Henry and a… read analysis of John Frith

Princess Elizabeth

Princess Elizabeth is Anne Boleyn’s infant daughter. Her parents are extremely disappointed that she isn’t a boy, but Anne has some legislation passed that ensures that Elizabeth will inherit the throne if Henry doesn’t… read analysis of Princess Elizabeth

Lady Shelton

Lady Shelton is Anne Boleyn’s aunt. She is put in charge of Mary Tudor after Mary is removed from her residence and placed in the same house as the Princess Elizabeth in order to… read analysis of Lady Shelton

Emperor Charles

Emperor Charles is Queen Katherine’s nephew. As the Holy Roman Emperor, he guards the Holy Roman Empire against the influence of Protestants. He has great influence with Pope Clement, which is one of… read analysis of Emperor Charles

Martin Luther

While Martin Luther doesn’t appear as a character in Wolf Hall, his books and ideas are often discussed. He was a German theologian who questioned some ideas of the Catholic Church and whose writings… read analysis of Martin Luther

Cardinal Morton

When Cromwell was a little boy, his uncle John was a cook at Cardinal Morton’s residence, and Cromwell used to go there sometimes to help his uncle out in the kitchens and get some food… read analysis of Cardinal Morton

William Stafford

William Stafford is a courtier. After Anne Boleyn has a miscarriage, she is distraught to find out that her sister Mary Boleyn is pregnant. Anne suspects that it is King Henry’s child, but Mary… read analysis of William Stafford
Minor Characters
Morgan Williams
Morgan Williams is Kat’s husband. He comes from a well-to-do Welsh family and is a distant relation of King Henry. He is concerned for Thomas Cromwell when his father beats him up, but he is too afraid of Walter to stand up to him.
Bet
Bet is Thomas Cromwell’s sister. Cromwell takes care of her children Christopher, Will, and Alice after Bet and her husband die of the sweating sickness.
Thomas Winter
Thomas Winter is Cardinal Wolsey’s illegitimate son.
Dorothea
Dorothea is Cardinal Wolsey’s illegitimate daughter.
Henry Wykys
Henry Wykys is Thomas Cromwell’s father-in-law and a trader of broadcloth.
William Gascoigne
Gascoigne is Cardinal Wolsey’s treasurer.
King Francois/King Francis
King Francois is the king of France. He promises to speak to Pope Clement about Henry’s marriage to Katherine and also succeeds in convincing the Pope not to excommunicate Henry for his marriage to Anne Boleyn.
Henry Norris
Norris is King Henry’s close friend and a gentleman of the privy chamber. Cromwell feels a deep dislike for him because Norris is “a subtle crook” who has the king’s ear and exercises a huge influence over him.
Prince Arthur
Arthur was King Henry’s older brother, who was married to Queen Katherine. He died four months after his wedding, and Henry had inherited the throne and married Katherine after Arthur’s death.
Henry Fitzroy/Duke of Richmond
Henry Fitzroy is King Henry’s illegitimate son. Anne Boleyn is worried that he might marry a powerful princess and then ascend to the throne after Henry’s death. To prevent this, she arranges his marriage to her cousin Mary Howard.
Mary Talbot
Mary Talbot is Harry Percy’s wife.
King Edward
King Edward was King Henry VIII’s grandfather.
Anne Cromwell
Anne Cromwell is Thomas Cromwell’s favorite child. She is a tough and smart little girl who ends up dying in the sweating sickness.
Grace Cromwell
Grace Cromwell is Thomas Cromwell’s youngest child. She is a beautiful little girl who succumbs to the sweating sickness.
John Williamson
John Williamson is Johane’s husband.
Jo
Jo is Johane’s daughter. Cromwell cares for her as if she were one of his own children.
Alice Wellyfed
Alice is Bet’s daughter. Her parents die, after which Alice and her two brothers move into the Cromwell household.
Henry Sadler
Henry Sadler is Rafe Sadler’s father. He sends Rafe to study under Thomas Cromwell so that Rafe can learn everything Cromwell knows.
George Boleyn
George is Anne Boleyn’s brother, who gets the title Lord Rochford because of his sister’s relationship with King Henry. He is married—unhappily—to Jane Rochford, who tells Cromwell all kinds of rumors about George’s ruthless ways.
Cardinal Campeggio
Campeggio is the papal envoy who is sent to England to determine if Henry and Katherine’s marriage should be annulled. He advises Katherine to accept Henry’s claim, but Katherine refuses.
Henry Carey
Henry Carey is Mary Boleyn’s illegitimate son who was fathered by King Henry.
Thomas Lord Darcy
Thomas Lord Darcy is a member of the king’s council.
Mercy
Mercy is Liz Wykys’s mother.
Walter Williams
Walter is the son of Kat and Morgan Williams. He lives in the Cromwell household after his parents die.
Thurston
Thurston is Cromwell’s cook at Austin Friars.
Christophe
Christophe is a young boy whom Cromwell meets in Calais. He tells Cromwell he wants to leave Calais because he is in trouble with the law. The boy reminds Cromwell of himself when he was younger, so Cromwell takes him on as a servant.
Meg Roper
Meg Roper is Thomas More’s favorite child.
Will Roper
Will Roper is Thomas More’s son-in-law, and husband to his favorite child, Meg Roper.
Henry Pattinson
Henry Pattinson is Thomas More’s fool.
Anne Cresacre
Anne Cresacre is Thomas More’s wealthy ward who is married to his son, John. More takes pleasure in humiliating Anne before his dinner guests, which contrasts him with Cromwell, who is kind and solicitous to all the young people in his household.
Alice More
Alice More is Thomas More’s wife. He mocks her cruelly in public, which contrasts with the care and concern that Cromwell has for Liz.
Warham
Warham is the old Archbishop of Canterbury who was faithful to the Pope in Rome. After Warham dies, Cranmer becomes the new archbishop, at Cromwell’s suggestion.
Joan
Joan is Cranmer’s first wife, who died in childbirth.
Kingston
Kingston is the Constable of the Tower of London who shows up to arrest Wolsey.
William Brereton
Brereton is one of King Henry’s gentlemen of the privy chamber.
Thomas Audley
Audley is Speaker of the House and one of Cromwell’s friends. After Thomas More is forced to resign his position as Lord Chancellor, Cromwell suggests that Audley be given the post, and King Henry agrees.
Catherine Fillol
Catherine Fillol is Edward Seymour’s wife. She had an affair with her father-in-law, John Seymour.
Edward Seymour
Edward Seymour is Jane Seymour’s brother and John Seymour’s son. His wife, Catherine, had an affair with his father.
Thomas Hitton
Hitton is a priest who is accused of heresy by Bishop Fisher and is burned.
Lucy Petyt
Lucy Petyt is John Petyt’s wife.
John Petyt
John Petyt is a merchant and Cromwell’s friend. He is imprisoned by Thomas More on suspicion of heresy.
Thomas Avery
Avery is one of Cromwell’s clerks.
Stephen Vaughan
Vaughan is Cromwell’s contact in Antwerp who helps him communicate secretly with Tyndale, who is in exile.
Henry Wyatt
Henry Wyatt is an elderly courtier and Thomas Wyatt’s father. He considers Cromwell to be a very capable and intelligent man and respects him for rising so quickly in court. He asks him to be a guardian to his son.
Richard Plantagenet
Richard Plantagenet was King Richard III, who was defeated by Henry Tudor.
Francis Weston
Weston is one of King Henry’s gentleman attendants.
Francis Bryan
Bryan is one of King Henry’s gentleman attendants.
Hugh Latimer
Latimer is a priest whom Anne Boleyn favors since he disagrees with the Pope.
Father Bocking
Bocking is a corrupt priest who is Eliza Barton’s spiritual director.
Lord Berners
Berners is the Governor of Calais.
Helen Barre
Helen Barre is a young woman whom Cromwell employs after her husband abandons her. She ends up marrying Cromwell’s clerk, Rafe Sadler.
Lady Exeter
Lady Exeter is Lord Exeter’s wife.
Lord Exeter, Henry Courtenay
Lord Exeter is King Henry’s cousin and boyhood friend, and he has a claim to the throne of England.
Margarete
Margarete is Cranmer’s wife.
Richard Riche
Riche is a young lawyer who manages to find evidence to indict Thomas More for treason.
Dr. Butts
Dr. Butts is a physician who is Cromwell’s friend.
Thomas Rotherham
Rotherham is Cromwell’s ward who marries his niece, Alice Wellyfed.
Mary Howard
Mary Howard is the Duke of Norfolk’s daughter. She marries Henry Fitzroy.
Margaret Pole
Margaret Pole is Mary Tudor’s aunt. She appeals to Cromwell not to move her niece from her residence in order to make her serve Princess Elizabeth.
Hans Holbein
Holbein is a famous painter who makes portraits of Thomas More, Thomas Cromwell, and King Henry. In the portraits, these characters look like idealized versions of themselves that are quite different from their true selves.
Rowland Lee
Lee is a priest who is friends with Anne Boleyn.
Lady Bryan
Lady Bryan is in charge of the care of the baby Princess Elizabeth.
Frances
Frances is Richard Cromwell’s wife.
John ap Rice
Rice is Jo’s husband.
John More
John More is Thomas More’s father. Like his son, John More is disrespectful toward women. Thomas More is heartbroken and weeps inconsolably after his father’s death.
Liz Seymour
Liz Seymour is Jane Seymour’s “bold” and “eloquent” older sister.
Cardinal Farnese
After Pope Clement’s death, Cardinal Farnese is appointed the new pope. Since England no longer recognizes the authority of the pope by the time Farnese comes to power, he is called the “Bishop of Rome” in Henry’s court.