James Joyce was an Irish novelist and poet born in Dublin in 1882. He was one of the key figures of the Modernist movement, producing works of literature that are notoriously complicated and cutting-edge for the time. His most famous works include
Ulysses,
Finnegans Wake,
Dubliners, and
A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man. He died in Zurich in 1941. Foster uses several of Joyce’s works to illustrate concepts ranging from weather symbolism to mythological archetype to irony. He also uses Joyce’s oeuvre as an example of literature that is extremely difficult to analyze, claiming that “the only thing that can really prepare you to read
Ulysses is reading
Ulysses.”