Our Missing Hearts

by

Celeste Ng

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Our Missing Hearts: Part 2, Chapter 2 Summary & Analysis

Summary
Analysis
Margaret begins to tell Bird her story while making something with pipes and wires—it is not clear what she is creating. Flashing back to the time before her birth, she recalls the story of the bomb in her mother and father’s mailbox. They were Chinese immigrants who quickly sensed their neighbors’ prejudice and made every effort to assimilate themselves and Margaret into the mainstream American culture. Margaret was always bookish and traveled to New York after graduation, lured by the promise that she might find a new identity there.
The story of Margaret’s parents demonstrates that anti-Asian discrimination existed long before the Crisis amplified it. Likewise, their efforts at assimilation are motivated by fear of standing out, recalling the surveillance culture which PACT uses to control citizens. Young Margaret’s need to find a new identity evokes Bird’s own desire for independence, which led him here. By showing how Margaret and Bird’s stories parallel one another, the novel emphasizes the cyclical nature of things like fear, discrimination, and coming-of-age experiences.
Themes
Free Speech, Patriotism, and the Corruption of Truth Theme Icon
Surveillance, Fear, and Discrimination  Theme Icon
Parental Responsibility, Rights, and Experience  Theme Icon
Still in a flashback, Margaret arrives in New York. Before long, she is recreating herself, no longer concerned with blending in because no one notices her in the city. The Crisis is only on the horizon, and Margaret is still able to find work waitressing at a restaurant. She skips classes in order to write and publish her poems. She also learns Cantonese, which she has never heard her mother and father speak. She drinks with friends and makes love to strangers, feeling as though everyone can sense the storm that is coming. She figures they may as well “burn bright.”
Thanks to the city’s diversity, Margaret finds herself freed from her parents’ fearful assimilation. Being able to finally learn Cantonese highlights how her parents’ fear kept Margaret from learning about her Asian heritage. Coming of age with the Crisis looming makes Margaret particularly bold, living as if she has nothing to lose. In showing an increase in Margaret’s creative output during this time, the novel aligns art and imagination with freedom and individuality.
Themes
Surveillance, Fear, and Discrimination  Theme Icon
The Power of Art and Imagination   Theme Icon
The Crisis begins with the mass closure of small businesses and a dramatic upswing in unemployment. Margaret’s restaurant shuts down, and no one else is hiring, unable to pay the employees they have. Economists speculate on the cause of the country’s financial crisis, but it will be a few years before they blame China. While the wealthy hunker down to wait it out, the middle and lower classes suffer disproportionately, losing their homes. Eventually, protests begin to break out across the country. Margaret watches as the city empties. Though her classes are cancelled, she insists on staying.
That the Crisis affects small businesses and middle- and lower-class people first shows how wealth confers privilege. Thanks to their affluence, the wealthy can comfortably wait out the Crisis, making it easier for them to remain silent. This in turn making them complicit in the suffering of others, since they willingly choose not to help. 
Themes
Privilege, Silence, and Complicity  Theme Icon
Margaret meets a fellow student named Domi and moves into an apartment with her and four other people. One of them works for the mayor, trying to connect people to what little resources still exist. Another is a security guard in an empty office building. The rest take odd jobs where they can, scavenging from rich neighborhoods when opportunities dry up. None of them feels guilty about looting: now, survival is all that matters. Eventually, Margaret procures a bike and becomes a messenger, and Domi joins her shortly after.
As underprivileged students, Margaret and Domi are forced to do ethically questionable things in order to survive the Crisis. The lack of government resources demonstrates how indispensable community aid is in times of crisis, especially for those with less wealth.
Themes
Privilege, Silence, and Complicity  Theme Icon
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Crime and danger increase at night during the Crisis. Domi and Margaret comfort and look out for each other when they can. Margaret has forgotten all about poetry, but she gradually adapts to the new rules of the world. The governor imposes a curfew and limits on social gatherings. Illness spreads quickly and often goes untreated due to drug shortages and high hospital bills. Margaret gets used to living hand to mouth and caring only about her own survival, but she cannot get used to the city’s pervasive quiet.
That Margaret has no time for poetry during the Crisis suggests that creativity is difficult to maintain in times of distress, as all of one’s attention is focused on survival. The rise in disease shows how health and wealth are interconnected in pre-Crisis America, as money and privilege make it easier to obtain medical treatment.
Themes
The Power of Art and Imagination   Theme Icon
Privilege, Silence, and Complicity  Theme Icon
Quotes
In the present, Margaret pauses, considering how best to explain to Bird what the Crisis felt like. As time wore on, more and more people became fed up and took to protests, which often turned violent, and still no help came. Bird interrupts to say he is hungry, and Margaret is embarrassed that she has forgotten how to take care of him. She gives him a granola bar and continues to work on her project, incorporating plastic bottle caps into her mysterious creations. She avoids Bird’s questions about the work and returns to her story.
Margaret’s struggle to explain the Crisis to Bird adds a layer to the parent-child relationship, as she wants him to understand her but also wants to protect him from the horrors she experienced. In the context of the Crisis’ extreme desperation, violent protest becomes the only feasible option for underprivileged people to demand change. Margaret’s forgetting to feed Bird and her subsequent embarrassment underscores the distance between them and the shame she feels for abandoning him.
Themes
Free Speech, Patriotism, and the Corruption of Truth Theme Icon
Parental Responsibility, Rights, and Experience  Theme Icon
Privilege, Silence, and Complicity  Theme Icon
In Margaret’s story, the Crisis has been going on for two years. Margaret’s Asian features are starting to make her the target of harassment. She and the other roommates throw Domi a birthday party in the apartment despite the new law prohibiting large gatherings, and this is where Margaret meets Ethan, a Columbia graduate. They talk all night on the fire escape, and the next night Margaret walks uptown to Ethan’s apartment. Domi doesn’t approve of their relationship, saying that Margaret is abandoning her friends for comfort, even though Domi herself comes from a wealthy family. Ethan’s parents’ connections allow him to retain his studio apartment for a reasonable rent, and Margaret takes refuge there more and more frequently.
The rise in anti-Asian discrimination indicates that many Americans have reached a consensus on who is to blame for the Crisis and, therefore, have begun to discriminate against Asian people. Perceiving Domi as a privileged hypocrite allows Margaret to dismiss her friend’s opinion of Ethan. This scene shows how repeated discrimination and fear have worn Margaret into submission, forcing her into silent assimilation because it is safer and easier than standing against injustice.
Themes
Surveillance, Fear, and Discrimination  Theme Icon
Privilege, Silence, and Complicity  Theme Icon
Ethan specialized in etymology and is fluent in numerous languages. Margaret suggests they learn Cantonese together. Both Margaret and Ethan love language, and they spend their days in his apartment reading dictionaries, tracing the roots of words. Margaret loves Ethan’s attempts to know the world through words, and he loves her preoccupation with the ineffable. Outside their contented bubble, national unrest continues in rallies and votes and violence, though nothing improves. Having found a safe place, Margaret decides to stay with Ethan rather than return home. She sends Domi a letter but receives no reply.
Ethan and Margaret’s shared love of language gestures at the power of free speech and the power of art. In earlier chapters, Bird notes that Ethan’s love of etymology has been stifled by the dangers of researching history in a society that censors “unpatriotic” ideas. Margaret’s love of stories has stuck with Bird enough to draw him back to her, and her poetry gets her into trouble with the authorities. In choosing to stay with Ethan, Margaret turns a blind eye to the injustices which are not directly affecting her, choosing comfort and complicity over discomfort and accountability. 
Themes
Free Speech, Patriotism, and the Corruption of Truth Theme Icon
Surveillance, Fear, and Discrimination  Theme Icon
The Power of Art and Imagination   Theme Icon
Privilege, Silence, and Complicity  Theme Icon
In Ethan’s apartment, Margaret begins to write poetry again, detailing her experiences during the Crisis. The media begins to blame China for the economic disaster. People begin to see those with “foreign faces” as suspicious. Margaret’s mother calls to tell her a stranger pushed her father down some stairs at the park. He later dies from his injuries. The day after his death, Margaret’s mother has a heart attack, and a police officer notifies her. When Margaret’s father was pushed, several passersby saw and critically failed to help him. The man who pushed her father is never caught, and such racially motivated incidents become increasingly common.
That Margaret begins writing again in the comfort of Ethan’s apartment suggests that art is a privileged pursuit, or is at least easier to create when basic needs are met. The attack on Margaret’s parents shows how fear—in this case, fear provoked by governing officials and directed toward a particular group—can lead people to discriminatory acts of violence. It is worth noting that, already, passersby turn a blind eye to such violence, preferring to remain uninvolved lest their own loyalty be questioned. The lack of consequence for Margaret’s father’s assailant further demonstrates the government’s disregard for obvious anti-Asian bias.
Themes
Free Speech, Patriotism, and the Corruption of Truth Theme Icon
Surveillance, Fear, and Discrimination  Theme Icon
The Power of Art and Imagination   Theme Icon
Privilege, Silence, and Complicity  Theme Icon
Quotes
Grieving her parents, Margaret asks Ethan to take her away from the city, wanting a fresh start. His parents’ connections land him a teaching job at Harvard, and Margaret and Ethan buy their house in Cambridge. Margaret gladly retreats from the Crisis into a privileged domestic bubble. In the larger world, an Asian man is caught on camera shooting a senator who has been spouting anti-Chinese rhetoric. Though the shooter is never caught, the incident leads to the creation of PACT.
Ethan’s parents’ connections allow him and Margaret to easily move away from the city’s unrest, another sign of their privilege. Overwhelmed by the loss of her parents and the ugliness of the world, Margaret retreats into isolation, showing how privilege and ignorance often go hand-in-hand. Since the shooter is never caught, all persons of Asian origin are potentially suspicious; PACT strengthens this discriminatory mindset by making it illegal to espouse “un-American” ideas, which include all criticism of the government.
Themes
Free Speech, Patriotism, and the Corruption of Truth Theme Icon
Surveillance, Fear, and Discrimination  Theme Icon
The Power of Art and Imagination   Theme Icon
Privilege, Silence, and Complicity  Theme Icon
After the assassination attempt, many view all Asian people as untrustworthy. PACT is signed into law in an effort to reunify Americans around the hatred of a common (but loosely defined) enemy: anti-American elements. The law funds neighborhood watch groups, creates jobs for people to produce pro-American merchandise, rewards those who report “potential troublemakers,” and allows for children to be removed from un-American environments. Eventually, questioning PACT constitutes a violation of PACT. Though the president insists that loyal persons of Asian origin have nothing to fear, violence against anyone perceived to be Chinese rises, and the perpetrators go unpunished.
This breakdown of PACT outlines how the culture of fear, surveillance, and discrimination in the novel’s present came to be. By presenting the public with a common enemy who wears many faces, the government elicits paranoia among its citizens. Encouraging people to watch one another sows distrust among neighbors, and punishing troublemakers by stripping them of their parental rights raises the stakes of acting out. Finally, regardless of the government’s denial of anti-Asian bias, their indifference to racially-motivated violence suggests they condone discrimination against PAOs because of their believed tendency to spread un-American ideas.
Themes
Free Speech, Patriotism, and the Corruption of Truth Theme Icon
Surveillance, Fear, and Discrimination  Theme Icon
Parental Responsibility, Rights, and Experience  Theme Icon
Quotes
During this time, Margaret remains in her comfortable, sheltered life, not thinking about the negative consequences of PACT, though she occasionally misses her life with Domi. She becomes pregnant and meets Ethan’s parents. When the library reopens, she reads books about how animals mother their young and how plants reproduce. Inspired, she writes enough poems to fill a book. One day, Ethan brings her a pomegranate, and she thinks of how many seeds can be planted from this single fruit. She writes her final poem about these seeds—the pomegranate’s missing hearts, “[s]cattered, to sprout elsewhere.”
Margaret’s isolation is a privilege, keeping her from even noticing how PACT is changing the country for the worse. Pregnancy and poetry further envelop her in ignorance, as she spends most of her time creating art—again, this creativity is framed as a privileged use of time. Her infamous line about “missing hearts” is actually about a pomegranate’s seeds which become scattered. While the context of the poem indicates this is a metaphor for children who leave the womb and live their lives apart from their parents, it is not directly commenting on PACT child removals, deepening the mystery of Margaret’s involvement in the resistance movement.
Themes
The Power of Art and Imagination   Theme Icon
Parental Responsibility, Rights, and Experience  Theme Icon
Privilege, Silence, and Complicity  Theme Icon
Quotes
Margaret is ashamed that she thought of PACT as progress and that none of the negative consequences would ever apply to her. (In the present, she completes one of the bottle cap creations and tells Bird, when he asks, that it is resistance.) Returning to Margaret’s flashback, rumors spread about the government removing children from their families. Some stories are reported, like the case of a three-year-old girl removed after her parents took her to a march protesting anti-Chinese bias. Hearing this story, Margaret thinks of how irresponsible those parents are, silently assuring baby Bird that none of this will ever apply to him.
Margaret’s privileged perspective insulates her from the fear that plagues other Americans, because she believes no harm could ever come to her child. The shame she feels in the present indicates the truth she has realized: a government that uses child removal as a means of controlling its citizens can (and will) wield that threat against anyone it sees as a problem. Margaret’s belief that troublemaking parents are to blame for the authorities removing their children is ironic considering the future events which cause her to leave her family.
Themes
Free Speech, Patriotism, and the Corruption of Truth Theme Icon
Surveillance, Fear, and Discrimination  Theme Icon
Parental Responsibility, Rights, and Experience  Theme Icon
Privilege, Silence, and Complicity  Theme Icon
Margaret carries on, preoccupied by poetry and her garden and Bird. Ethan’s parents continue to visit, remarking that Bird looks just like Margaret. Later, she and Ethan will wonder whether or not they meant this as a compliment. A press publishes Margaret’s poetry collection, Our Missing Hearts, which features a pomegranate on its cover. The book is not widely read. Margaret teaches Bird about nature and tells him the stories her mother once told her “before she stopped speaking of such things.” Bird wants to know whether the stories are true, and Margaret lets him believe that the things that happen in the fantastical stories might be possible.
Bird’s early childhood is as idyllic as he remembers, thanks to the bubble of privilege in which he and his parents reside. Ethan’s parents’ seemingly innocuous remark about Bird’s Asian features foreshadows their future racial prejudice. That Margaret’s own mother stopped telling her folktales again points to the ways discrimination pushes people to assimilate into the dominant culture out of fear.
Themes
Surveillance, Fear, and Discrimination  Theme Icon
The Power of Art and Imagination   Theme Icon
Parental Responsibility, Rights, and Experience  Theme Icon
Privilege, Silence, and Complicity  Theme Icon
In the present, Margaret pauses her story and her work. She counts up the bottle caps and notes that she has made fewer than usual. Instructing Bird to stay in the house and keep quiet, she loads creations into a bag and disguises herself as a trash-picker. Then she leaves to run more mysterious errands. While she is gone, Bird considers all that she has told him about the Crisis. In school, the history felt like a cautionary tale. But hearing about it from his mother makes it more real. He thinks of the bottle caps and wonders whether they are time bombs; he no longer knows what his mother is capable of.
Though the purpose of the bottlecaps remains unclear, characterizing them as “creations” again positions art as integral to Margaret’s resistance. Bird’s ruminations on the Crisis demonstrate how historical narrative can diverge from the true experience of history based on who is telling the story. In this case, the public education system uses the Crisis to cultivate fear in younger generations so they will accept PACT as a safeguard against such chaos. Margaret’s story has raised more questions for Bird about what extreme actions his mother might take to oppose PACT.
Themes
Free Speech, Patriotism, and the Corruption of Truth Theme Icon
Surveillance, Fear, and Discrimination  Theme Icon
The Power of Art and Imagination   Theme Icon
Parental Responsibility, Rights, and Experience  Theme Icon
Margaret returns with food. She and Bird eat, and she asks him about school and his father. Bird tells her how Ethan told him to go by Noah and takes good care of him. Bird expects his mom to be sad when he mentions that Ethan pretends she doesn’t exist, but Margaret only agrees that is for the best. Bird asks why, and she tells him he needs to hear the whole story. She promises to tell him more tomorrow. Before they go to bed, she asks if he would like her to call him Noah. He pauses, then he tells her she can still call him Bird if she wants to.
This scene emphasizes how distance has made Margaret and Bird strangers to each other; Bird literally goes by another name now. That Margaret agrees with Ethan’s decision to pretend she doesn’t exist suggests Bird’s parents are united in ways he doesn’t realize, further clouding his understanding. In allowing his mother to continue calling him “Bird,” Bird indicates that his younger self—the person Margaret knows intimately—is still present in the person he is now.
Themes
Surveillance, Fear, and Discrimination  Theme Icon
Parental Responsibility, Rights, and Experience  Theme Icon