Malcom X was a Black radical leader who became famous during the Civil Rights movement. Malcolm was a Muslim after joining the Nation of Islam while incarcerated. He initially embraced ideas about white people being “devils,” but after going on hajj (pilgrimage to Mecca) he revised his views and advocated for a multiracial coalition to defeat racists (of all races). While he was often criticized as an extremist in the mainstream press, Malcolm grew increasingly popular, particularly as the Black Power movement began to take shape. He was assassinated in 1965. His Autobiography of Malcolm X, coauthored with Alex Haley, was released posthumously and became one of the most influential antiracist texts of all time.