The Poppy War

by

R. F. Kuang

Identity, Cultural Trauma, and Coming of Age Theme Analysis

Themes and Colors
Dehumanization and the Horrors of War Theme Icon
Identity, Cultural Trauma, and Coming of Age Theme Icon
The Purpose of Education Theme Icon
Addiction, Drugs, and Control Theme Icon
History Theme Icon
LitCharts assigns a color and icon to each theme in The Poppy War, which you can use to track the themes throughout the work.
Identity, Cultural Trauma, and Coming of Age Theme Icon

As The Poppy War follows Rin from ages 14 to 19, it details her coming of age. At first, Rin characterizes growing up as rejecting the parts of womanhood she doesn’t like, and as rejecting a certain life path. To this end, she throws herself into studying for the Keju and gaining admission to Sinegard Academy to escape an arranged marriage to a much-older man, and she later destroys her womb so she can focus fully on her studies and not have to deal with menstruation every month. But while this viewpoint presents coming of age as something that a person is fully in control of—Rin believes she can assure a secure future for herself as a military commander through her actions—the novel goes to great lengths to illustrate the idea that growing up and constructing one’s identity also entails grappling with and incorporating one’s cultural history, and cultural trauma, into one’s conception of self. That is, developing one’s identity happens as a person accepts some of the cultural, historical, and social forces that seek to box them in, while also rejecting other elements in order to forge one’s own path.

Rin begins to totally rethink her identity as she learns that she’s actually one of two surviving Speerlies, an island race known for their bloodlust and their vengeful god, the Phoenix. But Rin comes to learn that embracing her Speerly identity doesn’t just mean embracing the Phoenix and her ability to summon flames: it also means taking on as her own trauma the centuries of abuse and mistreatment that the Speerlies suffered—first under the Nikara Red Emperor, and then when the Federation of Mugen carried out genocide on Speer—and vowing to avenge her abused and murdered ancestors. Rin ends the novel having fully embraced her identity as a Speerly and as the Phoenix’s chosen conduit through which to bring destruction to Earth. On the one hand, the novel suggests that this identity is something Rin has embraced freely. However, it also suggests that in embracing the Phoenix and the most destructive parts of her Speerly ancestry, Rin gives up a lot of her power to choose who she wants to be—and her ability to choose mercy, kindness, and humanity in the future.

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Identity, Cultural Trauma, and Coming of Age ThemeTracker

The ThemeTracker below shows where, and to what degree, the theme of Identity, Cultural Trauma, and Coming of Age appears in each chapter of The Poppy War. Click or tap on any chapter to read its Summary & Analysis.
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Identity, Cultural Trauma, and Coming of Age Quotes in The Poppy War

Below you will find the important quotes in The Poppy War related to the theme of Identity, Cultural Trauma, and Coming of Age.
Chapter 5 Quotes

“The Keju doesn’t mean anything,” Rin said scathingly. “The Keju is a ruse to keep uneducated peasants right where they’ve always been. You slip past the Keju, they’ll find a way to expel you anyway. The Keju keeps the lower classes sedated. It keeps us dreaming. It’s not a ladder for mobility; it’s a way to keep people like me exactly where they were born. The Keju is a drug.”

Related Characters: Rin (Fang Runin) (speaker), Kitay, Nezha, Master Jun
Related Symbols: Opium
Page Number: 86
Explanation and Analysis:

She adored praise—craved it, needed it, and realized she found relief only when she finally had it.

She realized, too, that she felt about praise the way that addicts felt about opium. Each time she received a fresh infusion of flattery, she could think only about how to get more of it. Achievement was a high. Failure was worse than withdrawal. Good test scores brought only momentary relief and temporary pride—she basked in her grace period of several hours before she began to panic about her next test.

She craved praise so deeply that she felt it in her bones. And just like an addict, she did whatever she could to get it.

Related Characters: Rin (Fang Runin), Empress Su Daji (The Vipress), Master Irjah
Related Symbols: Opium
Page Number: 95
Explanation and Analysis:
Chapter 7 Quotes

“I asked Jima to let me train him. But the Empress intervened. She knew the military value of a Speerly warrior, she was so excited...in the end, national interests superseded the sanity of one boy. They put him under Irjah’s tutelage, and honed his rage like a weapon instead of teaching him to control it. You’ve seen him in the ring. You know what he’s like.”

Related Characters: Master Jiang (the Gatekeeper) (speaker), Rin (Fang Runin), Altan Trengsin, Empress Su Daji (The Vipress), Master Jima
Page Number: 156
Explanation and Analysis:
Chapter 8 Quotes

She never wanted to think about Tikany. She wanted to pretend that she’d never lived there—no, that it had never existed. Because if she could just erase her past, then she could write herself into whoever she wanted to be in the present. Student. Scholar. Soldier. Anything except who she used to be.

Related Characters: Rin (Fang Runin), Kitay
Page Number: 176
Explanation and Analysis:
Chapter 9 Quotes

“You’ve seen what poppy does to the common man. And given what you know of addiction, your conclusions are reasonable. Opium makes wise men stupid. It destroys local economies and weakens entire countries.”

He weighed another handful of poppy seeds in his palm. “But something so destructive inherently and simultaneously has marvelous potential. The poppy flower, more than anything, displays the duality of hallucinogens. You know poppy by three names. In its most common form, as opium nuggets smoked from a pipe, poppy makes you useless. It numbs you and closes you off to the world. Then there is the madly addictive heroin, which is extracted as a powder from the sap of the flower. But the seeds? These seeds are a shaman’s dream. These seeds, used with the proper mental preparation, give you access to the entire universe contained within your mind.”

Related Characters: Master Jiang (the Gatekeeper) (speaker), Rin (Fang Runin), Altan Trengsin
Related Symbols: Opium
Page Number: 192-193
Explanation and Analysis:

“You must conflate these concepts. The god outside you. The god within. Once you understand that these are one and the same, once you can hold both concepts in your head and know them to be true, you’ll be a shaman.”

Related Characters: Master Jiang (the Gatekeeper) (speaker), Rin (Fang Runin), The Phoenix
Related Symbols: Opium
Page Number: 194
Explanation and Analysis:
Chapter 11 Quotes

That felt stupid now. So, so stupid. War was not a game, where one fought for honor and admiration, where masters would keep her from sustaining any real harm.

War was a nightmare.

Related Characters: Rin (Fang Runin), Kitay, Nezha
Page Number: 238
Explanation and Analysis:
Chapter 13 Quotes

Training with Altan was like training with an older brother. It was so bizarre for someone to tell her that they were the same—that his joints hyperextended like hers did, so she should turn out her foot in such a way. To have similarities with someone else, similarities that lay deep, in their genes, was an overwhelmingly wonderful sensation.

With Altan she felt as if she belonged—not just to the same division or army, but to something deeper and older. She felt situated within an ancient web of lineage. She had a place. She was not a nameless war orphan; she was a Speerly.

Related Characters: Rin (Fang Runin), Altan Trengsin
Page Number: 270
Explanation and Analysis:
Chapter 14 Quotes

She looked up. Their eyes met.

Naked fear was written across his face, round and soft like a child’s. He was barely taller than her. He couldn’t have been older than Ramsa.

He fumbled with his knife, had to adjust it against his stomach to get a proper grip before he brought it down—

Related Characters: Rin (Fang Runin), Altan Trengsin, Ramsa
Page Number: 311
Explanation and Analysis:

“I think Tearza was wise. And I think that she was a bad ruler. Shamans should know when to resist the power of the gods. That is wisdom. But rulers should do everything in their power to save their country. That is responsibility. If you hold the fate of the country in your hands, if you have accepted your obligation to your people, then your life ceases to be your own. Once you accept the title of ruler, your choices are made for you. In those days, to rule Speer meant serving the Phoenix. Speer used to be a proud race. A free people. when Tearza killed herself, the Speerlies became little more than the Emperor’s mad dogs. Tearza has the blood of Speer on her hands. Tearza deserved what she got.”

Related Characters: Qara (speaker), Rin (Fang Runin), Mai’rinnen Tearza (The Woman), The Phoenix, The Red Emperor
Page Number: 319
Explanation and Analysis:
Chapter 15 Quotes

She felt so utterly, entirely useless. Even if she could call the Phoenix then, summoning fire now would not save this man from dying.

Because all the Cike knew how to do was destroy. For all their powers, for all their gods, they couldn’t protect their people. Couldn’t reverse time. Couldn’t bring back the dead.

Related Characters: Rin (Fang Runin), Master Jiang (the Gatekeeper), Altan Trengsin
Page Number: 334
Explanation and Analysis:
Chapter 17 Quotes

She had just killed Altan.

What was that supposed to mean? What did it say that the chimei had thought she wouldn’t be able to kill Altan, and that she had killed him anyway?

If she could do this, what couldn’t she do?

Who couldn’t she kill?

Maybe that was the kind of anger it took to call the Phoenix easily and regularly the way Altan did. Not just rage, not just fear, but a deep, burning resentment, fanned by a particularly cruel kind of abuse.

Related Characters: Rin (Fang Runin), Altan Trengsin, Nezha, The Phoenix
Related Symbols: Opium
Page Number: 368
Explanation and Analysis:
Chapter 18 Quotes

“Altan is perhaps the most powerful martial artist in Nikan right now. Maybe the world,” said Chaghan. “But for all that, most of his life he was just good at following orders. Tyr’s death was a shock to us. Altan wasn’t ready to take over. Command is difficult for him. He doesn’t know how to make peace with the Warlords. He’s overextended. He’s trying to fight an entire war with a squad of ten. And he’s going to lose.”

“You don’t think we can hold Khurdalain?”

“I think we were never meant to hold Khurdalain,” said Chaghan. “I think Khurdalain was a sacrifice for time paid in blood. Altan is going to lose because Khurdalain is not winnable, and when he does, it’s going to break him.”

Related Characters: Rin (Fang Runin) (speaker), Chaghan (speaker), Master Jiang (the Gatekeeper), Altan Trengsin, Empress Su Daji (The Vipress), Tyr
Page Number: 377-378
Explanation and Analysis:
Chapter 20 Quotes

“He’s not human,” she said, recalling the horrible anger behind Altan’s power. She’d thought she understood Altan. She’d thought she had reached the man behind the command title. But she realized now that she didn’t know him at all. The Altan she’d known—at least, the Altan in her mind—would have done anything for his troops. He wouldn’t have left someone in the gas to die. “He—I don’t know what he is.”

“But Altan was never allowed to be human,” Chaghan said, and his voice was uncharacteristically gentle. “Since childhood, he’s been regarded as a militia asset. Your masters at the Academy fed him opium for attacking his classmates and trained him like a dog for this war.”

Related Characters: Rin (Fang Runin) (speaker), Chaghan (speaker), Altan Trengsin, Nezha, Master Irjah
Related Symbols: Opium
Page Number: 390
Explanation and Analysis:

“That boy is beyond redemption,” said the Woman. “That boy is broken like the rest. But you, you are still pure. You can still be saved.”

“I don’t want to be saved!” Rin shrieked. “I want power! I want Altan’s power! I want to be the most powerful shaman there ever was, so that there is no one I can’t save!”

“That power can burn down the world,” the woman said sadly. “That power will destroy everything you’ve ever loved. You will defeat your enemy, and the victory will turn to ashes in your mouth.”

Related Characters: Rin (Fang Runin) (speaker), Mai’rinnen Tearza (The Woman) (speaker), Master Jiang (the Gatekeeper), Altan Trengsin, Kitay, Chaghan, The Phoenix
Page Number: 390
Explanation and Analysis:
Chapter 22 Quotes

Warfare was about absolutes. Us or them. Victory or defeat. There was no middle way. There was no mercy. No surrender.

This was the same logic, Rin realized, that had justified the destruction of Speer. To the Federation, to wipe out an entire race overnight was not an atrocity at all. Only a necessity.

Related Characters: Rin (Fang Runin)
Page Number: 432
Explanation and Analysis:
Chapter 25 Quotes

Rin forced the last parts of what was human out of her soul and gave way to her hatred. Hating was so easy. It filled a hole inside her. It let her feel something again. It felt so good.

“Total victory,” she said. “It’s what you want, isn’t it?”

“What I want?” The Phoenix sounded amused. “The gods do not want anything. The gods merely exist. We cannot help what we are; we are pure essence, pure element. You humans inflict everything on yourselves, and then blame us afterward. Every calamity has been man-made. We do not force you to do anything. We have only ever helped.”

“This is my destiny,” Rin said with conviction. “I’m the last Speerly. I have to do this. It is written.”

“Nothing is written,” said the Phoenix.

Related Characters: Rin (Fang Runin) (speaker), The Phoenix (speaker), Master Jiang (the Gatekeeper)
Page Number: 501
Explanation and Analysis: