Babel

by

R. F. Kuang

Silver Bars Symbol Analysis

Silver Bars Symbol Icon

The silver bars in Babel symbolize wealth, money, and power. Throughout the novel, Kuang uses those silver bars to underline the disparities in wealth and power that animate relationships between colonizers and the countries they colonize. In Babel, England has resources of silver bars that vastly outstrip those of any other country. The Empire uses those vast resources, and the power afforded by them, to build up a formidable military, which it then uses to violently colonize other countries.

The magical silver bars only function when a word is translated from one language into another. That dynamic could lead to an interplay between different cultures that enriches all involved. However, in the face of that interdependence, the British Empire insists on using its wealth and power to subjugate others rather than work collaboratively. The novel suggests that the British Empire—along with the people who live within it and enjoy the fruits of the Empire’s unjust colonization of other countries—will never voluntarily give up power, even if people realize that their power is founded upon grievous moral wrongs. Instead, the novel argues that empires must be forced to give up the vast resources of silver that enable them to violently exploit others. That happens at the end of the novel when Robin and others cause countless silver bars to self-destruct, greatly depleting England’s store of silver bars, and thereby robbing them of the source of their power.

Silver Bars Quotes in Babel

The Babel quotes below all refer to the symbol of Silver Bars. For each quote, you can also see the other characters and themes related to it (each theme is indicated by its own dot and icon, like this one:
Colonization and Racism Theme Icon
).
Chapter 1 Quotes

He’d never figured out precisely what [the silver bars] were, and no one in his household could explain. His grandmother called them rich men’s magic spells, metal amulets carrying blessings from the gods. His mother thought they contained trapped demons who could be summoned to accomplish their masters’ orders. Even Miss Betty, who made loud her disdain for indigenous Chinese superstition and constantly criticized his mother’s heeding of hungry ghosts, found them unnerving. ‘They’re witchcraft,’ she’d said when he asked. ‘They’re devil’s work is what they are.’

Related Characters: Robin, Professor Lovell, Robin’s Mother, Miss Betty
Related Symbols: Silver Bars
Page Number: 8-9
Explanation and Analysis:
Chapter 2 Quotes

He discovered that in Parliament, in town halls, and on the streets, reformers of every stripe were fighting for the soul of London, while a conservative, landed ruling class fought back against attempts at change at every turn.

He did not understand these political struggles, not then. He only sensed that London, and England at large, was very divided about what it was and what it wanted to be. And he understood that silver lay behind it all. For when the Radicals wrote about the perils of industrialization, and when the Conservatives refuted this with proof of the booming economy; when any of the political parties spoke about slums, housing, roads, transportation, agriculture, and manufacturing; when anyone spoke about Britain and the Empire’s future at all, the word was always there in papers, pamphlets, magazines, and even prayer books: silver, silver, silver.

Related Characters: Robin, Professor Lovell
Related Symbols: Silver Bars
Page Number: 33-34
Explanation and Analysis:
Chapter 5 Quotes

‘But how does this happen?’ he continued. ‘How does all the power from foreign languages just somehow accrue to England? This is no accident; this is a deliberate exploitation of foreign culture and foreign resources. The professors like to pretend that the tower is a refuge for pure knowledge, that it sits above the mundane concerns of business and commerce, but it does not. It’s intricately tied to the business of colonialism. It is the business of colonialism […] Everything Babel does is in the service of expanding the Empire.’

Related Characters: Griffin (speaker), Robin
Related Symbols: Babel, Silver Bars
Page Number: 99-100
Explanation and Analysis:

‘We funnel silver away to people, communities, and movements that deserve it. We aid slave revolts. Resistance movements. We melt down silver bars made for cleaning doilies and use them to cure disease instead.’ Griffin slowed down; turned to look Robin in the eyes. ‘That’s what this is all for.’

This was, Robin had to admit, a very compelling theory of the world. Only it seemed to implicate nearly everything he held dear.

Related Characters: Griffin (speaker), Robin
Related Symbols: Silver Bars
Page Number: 100
Explanation and Analysis:
Chapter 6 Quotes

‘Britain is the only place where I’ve ever seen silver bars in wide use,’ said Robin. ‘They’re not nearly so popular in Canton, or, I’ve heard, in Calcutta. And it strikes me – I don’t know, it seems a bit strange that the British are the only ones who get to use them when the Chinese and Indians are contributing the crucial components of their functioning.’

‘But that’s simple economics,’ said Professor Lovell. ‘It takes a great deal of cash to purchase what we create. The British happen to be able to afford it. We have deals with Chinese and Indian merchants too, but they’re often less able to pay the export fees.’

Related Characters: Robin (speaker), Professor Lovell (speaker), Griffin
Related Symbols: Silver Bars
Page Number: 116
Explanation and Analysis:
Chapter 13 Quotes

‘I gave them a Kreyòl-French match-pair,’ Victoire said. ‘And it worked, worked like a charm, only Professor Leblanc said they couldn’t put it in the Current Ledger because he didn’t see how a Kreyòl match-pair would be useful to anyone who doesn’t speak Kreyòl. And then I said it’d be of great use to people in Haiti, and then he laughed.’

‘Oh, dear.’ Letty rubbed her shoulder. ‘Did they let you try a different one?’

She’d asked the wrong question. Robin saw a flash of irritation in Victoire’s eyes, but it was gone in an instant. She sighed and nodded.

Related Characters: Letty (speaker), Victoire (speaker), Robin
Related Symbols: Babel, Silver Bars
Page Number: 235
Explanation and Analysis:
Chapter 20 Quotes

How had Jardine, Matheson, and Lovell known negotiations in Canton would break out in hostilities more than two years ago?

But that was obvious. They’d known because this was their intent all along. They wanted hostilities because they wanted silver, and without some miraculous change in the Qing Emperor’s mind, the only way to get that was to turn their guns on China. They’d planned on war before they had even set sail.

Related Characters: Robin, Professor Lovell, Mr. Baylis
Related Symbols: Silver Bars
Page Number: 348-349
Explanation and Analysis:
Chapter 22 Quotes

We’re trying to track the number of languages still spoken around the world, and where they’re dying out. And there are a good deal of languages which are dying […] I think it’s not inconceivable that one day, most of the world will speak only English.’ She sighed, looking up at the map. ‘I was born a generation too late. It’s not so long ago that I might have grown up around Gaelic.’

‘But that would destroy silver-working,’ said Robin. ‘Wouldn’t it? It’d collapse the linguistic landscape. There would be nothing to translate. No differences to distort.’

‘But that’s the great contradiction of colonialism.’ Cathy uttered this like a simple matter of fact. ‘It’s built to destroy that which it prizes most.’

Related Characters: Robin (speaker)
Related Symbols: Silver Bars
Page Number: 384
Explanation and Analysis:
Chapter 26 Quotes

We, the students of the Royal Institute of Translation, demand Britain cease consideration of an unlawful war against China. Given this government’s determination to initiate hostilities and its brutal suppression of those working to expose its motives, we have no other option to make our voices heard than to cease all translation and silver-working services by the Institute, until such time as our demands are met. We henceforth declare our strike.

Related Characters: Robin, Victoire
Related Symbols: Babel, Silver Bars
Page Number: 458
Explanation and Analysis:
Chapter 33 Quotes

But what struck him most just then was the beauty. The bars were singing, shaking; trying, he thought, to express some unutterable truth about themselves, which was that translation was impossible, that the realm of pure meaning they captured and manifested would and could not ever be known, that the enterprise of this tower had been impossible from inception.

For how could there ever be an Adamic language? The thought now made him laugh. There was no innate, perfectly comprehensible language; there was no candidate, not English, not French, that could bully and absorb enough to become one. Language was just difference. A thousand different ways of seeing, of moving through the world. No; a thousand worlds within one. And translation – a necessary endeavour, however futile, to move between them.

Related Characters: Robin
Related Symbols: Silver Bars
Page Number: 535
Explanation and Analysis:

‘That’s just what translation is, I think. That’s all speaking is. Listening to the other and trying to see past your own biases to glimpse what they’re trying to say. Showing yourself to the world, and hoping someone else understands.’

Related Characters: Ramy (speaker), Robin
Related Symbols: Babel, Silver Bars
Page Number: 535
Explanation and Analysis:
Get the entire Babel LitChart as a printable PDF.
Babel PDF

Silver Bars Symbol Timeline in Babel

The timeline below shows where the symbol Silver Bars appears in Babel. The colored dots and icons indicate which themes are associated with that appearance.
Chapter 1
Colonization and Racism Theme Icon
Language, Translation, and Power Theme Icon
...name. Professor Lovell finds the boy on the brink of death. He takes a mysterious silver bar from his pocket and places it on the boy’s chest. The boy is slowly revived.... (full context)
Colonization and Racism Theme Icon
Language, Translation, and Power Theme Icon
...Professor Lovell comes to see him. While Professor Lovell is there, he takes out a silver bar . The boy has seen bars like it before, but he doesn’t know exactly what... (full context)
Colonization and Racism Theme Icon
Language, Translation, and Power Theme Icon
...The boy asks Professor Lovell why he wants him, and Professor Lovell points to the silver bar . He says he wants the boy because of what the boy can do with... (full context)
Chapter 2
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Language, Translation, and Power Theme Icon
Complicity Theme Icon
...Robin, Professor Lovell, and Mrs. Piper get into a cab. Professor Lovell points out the silver bar in the cab’s floor and says the silver makes the cab run faster and safer.... (full context)
Chapter 3
Colonization and Racism Theme Icon
Language, Translation, and Power Theme Icon
Race, Gender, and Intersectionality Theme Icon
...and Robin travel to Oxford via stagecoach. The coach is an older model with no silver bar embedded in its floor, so the ride is long and bumpy. During the trip, a... (full context)
Colonization and Racism Theme Icon
Language, Translation, and Power Theme Icon
...men and one woman. They are carrying a trunk, but it seems to have spilled. Silver bars are strewn over the ground. When one of the people looks up, Robin feels like... (full context)
Colonization and Racism Theme Icon
Language, Translation, and Power Theme Icon
Complicity Theme Icon
...Robin but doesn’t see him and then leaves. After the officer leaves, Robin drops the silver bar . The group becomes visible again. Robin’s doppelgänger and the two others scoop up the... (full context)
Chapter 4
Colonization and Racism Theme Icon
Language, Translation, and Power Theme Icon
Race, Gender, and Intersectionality Theme Icon
Violence and Nonviolence Theme Icon
Complicity Theme Icon
...to his room, he can’t sleep. He can’t believe that he’s just helped people steal silver bar s from Oxford and envisions Professor Lovell finding out and telling him to leave in... (full context)
Colonization and Racism Theme Icon
Language, Translation, and Power Theme Icon
Race, Gender, and Intersectionality Theme Icon
Complicity Theme Icon
...begins to explain to them how silver works. He says that the power of the silver bar s comes from the aspects of language that words cannot express. He says that when... (full context)
Colonization and Racism Theme Icon
Language, Translation, and Power Theme Icon
Race, Gender, and Intersectionality Theme Icon
Complicity Theme Icon
For an example, Professor Playfair writes the German word Heimlich on a silver bar and says the word means “secret” or “clandestine” and comes from a Proto-Germanic word that... (full context)
Chapter 6
Colonization and Racism Theme Icon
Language, Translation, and Power Theme Icon
Race, Gender, and Intersectionality Theme Icon
Complicity Theme Icon
...possible that, at some point in the future, there won’t be any power for the silver bar s left in translating between Romance languages because the languages will be so similar. That’s... (full context)
Colonization and Racism Theme Icon
Language, Translation, and Power Theme Icon
Race, Gender, and Intersectionality Theme Icon
Violence and Nonviolence Theme Icon
Complicity Theme Icon
Robin then asks Professor Lovell why silver bar s hadn’t been used to save his mother. Professor Lovell responds that she was “only... (full context)
Chapter 9
Colonization and Racism Theme Icon
Language, Translation, and Power Theme Icon
Complicity Theme Icon
...foundational principle of silver-work is untranslatability. When one translates a word to another language, the silver bar harnesses the power of what is lost in translation. For example, the word kárabos can... (full context)
Chapter 10
Colonization and Racism Theme Icon
Language, Translation, and Power Theme Icon
Violence and Nonviolence Theme Icon
Complicity Theme Icon
...take part because of what he’s just seen of the wards. Griffin gives Robin the silver bar with wúxíng and “invisible” inscribed on it and tells Robin to use it if he... (full context)
Colonization and Racism Theme Icon
Language, Translation, and Power Theme Icon
Violence and Nonviolence Theme Icon
Complicity Theme Icon
...He makes his way down a back street, doubled over in pain. He grips the silver bar and says the word, “Wúxíng,” but nothing happens. Someone shouts at him to stop and... (full context)
Chapter 11
Language, Translation, and Power Theme Icon
Complicity Theme Icon
...of loanwords from Sanskrit to Chinese. He and Professor Chakravarti also do the upkeep of silver bar s to help bring in money to Babel. In the process, Chakravarti tells Robin more... (full context)
Chapter 13
Colonization and Racism Theme Icon
Language, Translation, and Power Theme Icon
Race, Gender, and Intersectionality Theme Icon
Violence and Nonviolence Theme Icon
Complicity Theme Icon
...the most brilliant match-pairs (translated words that can be used to release the magic of silver bar s). Another person who discovered several match-pairs is named Evie Brooke. Robin and his cohort... (full context)
Colonization and Racism Theme Icon
Language, Translation, and Power Theme Icon
Violence and Nonviolence Theme Icon
Complicity Theme Icon
...to Professor Chakravarti his theory for his match-pair. When he etches the words onto the silver bar and says them out loud, the silver bar produces a wondrous effect. It seems that... (full context)
Chapter 15
Colonization and Racism Theme Icon
Language, Translation, and Power Theme Icon
Race, Gender, and Intersectionality Theme Icon
Complicity Theme Icon
...is happening, he sees that Ramy and Victoire have been ensnared in a silver web. Silver bars lay on the floor at their feet. (full context)
Colonization and Racism Theme Icon
Language, Translation, and Power Theme Icon
Violence and Nonviolence Theme Icon
Complicity Theme Icon
...says that Griffin murdered her when he had been stealing from Babel. Lovell takes a silver bar from his pocket and says that Griffin used that bar to kill Evie. Lovell was... (full context)
Colonization and Racism Theme Icon
Language, Translation, and Power Theme Icon
Violence and Nonviolence Theme Icon
Complicity Theme Icon
...storeroom the Hermes Society has at St. Aldate’s. Robin moves to give Lovell back the silver bar used to murder Evie, but Lovell tells Robin to keep it. It will help to... (full context)
Chapter 18
Colonization and Racism Theme Icon
Language, Translation, and Power Theme Icon
Race, Gender, and Intersectionality Theme Icon
Violence and Nonviolence Theme Icon
Complicity Theme Icon
...Lovell reaches into his pocket, and Robin mimics him. In his pocket, Robin finds the silver bar that Griffin used to kill Evie, which Lovell had given him. He takes out the... (full context)
Chapter 20
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Language, Translation, and Power Theme Icon
Race, Gender, and Intersectionality Theme Icon
Violence and Nonviolence Theme Icon
Complicity Theme Icon
Victoire adds that Babel sells silver bar s to those who trade in enslaved people to help keep people enslaved. Letty is... (full context)
Chapter 24
Colonization and Racism Theme Icon
Language, Translation, and Power Theme Icon
Race, Gender, and Intersectionality Theme Icon
Violence and Nonviolence Theme Icon
Complicity Theme Icon
Sterling puts handcuffs on Robin that are equipped with a silver bar that causes Robin unbearable pain. Sterling then uses another silver bar to mentally torture Robin.... (full context)
Colonization and Racism Theme Icon
Language, Translation, and Power Theme Icon
Race, Gender, and Intersectionality Theme Icon
Violence and Nonviolence Theme Icon
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...and Victoire rush to Griffin, who is bleeding badly from his shoulder. He takes a silver bar from his pocket and hands it to Robin. He says that it should help him... (full context)
Chapter 26
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Language, Translation, and Power Theme Icon
Violence and Nonviolence Theme Icon
Robin and Victoire then find a lamp equipped with a silver bar . They think the lamp must operate as a kind of beacon and that it... (full context)
Colonization and Racism Theme Icon
Language, Translation, and Power Theme Icon
Race, Gender, and Intersectionality Theme Icon
Violence and Nonviolence Theme Icon
Complicity Theme Icon
...action when someone tries to leave, not when they try to enter. They throw a silver bar that makes an overwhelming sound as a distraction and then slip in the front door... (full context)
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Robin then says he has the silver bar that he used to kill Professor Lovell. He says that if anyone tries to stop... (full context)
Colonization and Racism Theme Icon
Language, Translation, and Power Theme Icon
Race, Gender, and Intersectionality Theme Icon
Violence and Nonviolence Theme Icon
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...won’t be able to because England needs Babel and its students to supply it with silver bar s. Robin and Victoire then say that anyone who wants to can leave, and they... (full context)
Chapter 27
Colonization and Racism Theme Icon
Language, Translation, and Power Theme Icon
Race, Gender, and Intersectionality Theme Icon
Violence and Nonviolence Theme Icon
Complicity Theme Icon
...next morning, Magdalen Tower, a building at Oxford, falls. It had been propped up by silver bar s that were maintained every six months. Professor Playfair was the one who did the... (full context)
Colonization and Racism Theme Icon
Language, Translation, and Power Theme Icon
Race, Gender, and Intersectionality Theme Icon
Violence and Nonviolence Theme Icon
...power from stronger bars housed in Babel. If they sabotage those stronger bars in Babel, silver bar s throughout the country will stop working. Victoire and Robin sabotage 24 of the stronger... (full context)
Colonization and Racism Theme Icon
Language, Translation, and Power Theme Icon
Race, Gender, and Intersectionality Theme Icon
Violence and Nonviolence Theme Icon
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...it will destroy all the silver-work inside. The crowd doesn’t listen. Professor Chakravarti throws a silver bar into the crowd, which has the effect of causing them to fight among themselves. Not... (full context)
Chapter 28
Colonization and Racism Theme Icon
Language, Translation, and Power Theme Icon
Race, Gender, and Intersectionality Theme Icon
Violence and Nonviolence Theme Icon
Complicity Theme Icon
...Babel have set up their own operation in London. They work to counteract the failing silver bar s, but they don’t have the resources to keep up with the widespread destruction and... (full context)
Colonization and Racism Theme Icon
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Race, Gender, and Intersectionality Theme Icon
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...disaster and tells Victoire about it. The Westminster Bridge is scheduled for maintenance for its silver bar s in a week. Those bars hold up the foundation, so if the maintenance isn’t... (full context)
Chapter 32
Language, Translation, and Power Theme Icon
Violence and Nonviolence Theme Icon
...kill them. Robin says they only have one move left. They can write “translate” on silver bar s in Babel. That will cause the bars to self-destruct, which will cause a chain... (full context)
Chapter 33
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Robin, Professor Craft, and the others who stay in Babel start arranging silver bar s in pyramids around the tower, careful to ensure that when the bars self-destruct, they... (full context)
Epilogue
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...must always be unimaginable because it “shatters the world you know.” She’s weighed down by silver bar s in her pockets and silver knit into her dress. It feels too heavy to... (full context)