Chasing the Scream

Chasing the Scream

by

Johann Hari

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Bruce Alexander Character Analysis

Bruce Alexander is a professor and addiction researcher who spent decades working in Vancouver’s Downtown Eastside. As a young psychologist, he began offering counseling to drug addicts, and he realized that drug addiction depends more on individual psychology than the chemical effects of drugs themselves. Next, he conducted the famous “Rat Park” experiments: he put some rats in isolated cages and others in “Rat Park,” an enriching environment full of toys, food, and other rats. Then, he gave his rats the option to drink ordinary water or water laced with drugs. Far more of the isolated rats chose the drugs than the ones in “Rat Park,” which supported Alexander’s hypothesis that drug use is largely a response to social circumstances: people (and rats) who lack meaningful connections with others often choose to use drugs as a substitute for those connections. Alexander also argues that modern societies have fostered drug use by cutting people off from the deep sense of purpose and belonging that previous generations often felt. Hari argues that Alexander’s experiments provide some of the strongest support for drug legalization and regulation, because they show that drug users require love and connection—not deterrence and punishment—in order to overcome addiction.

Bruce Alexander Quotes in Chasing the Scream

The Chasing the Scream quotes below are all either spoken by Bruce Alexander or refer to Bruce Alexander . For each quote, you can also see the other characters and themes related to it (each theme is indicated by its own dot and icon, like this one:
Drug Legalization and U.S. Policy Theme Icon
).
Chapter 13 Quotes

If your environment is like Rat Park—a safe, happy community with lots of healthy bonds and pleasurable things to do—you will not be especially vulnerable to addiction. If your environment is like the rat cages—where you feel alone, powerless and purposeless—you will be.

Related Characters: Johann Hari (speaker), Bruce Alexander , Gabor Maté
Page Number: 174
Explanation and Analysis:

Professor Peter Cohen, a friend of Bruce’s, writes that we should stop using the word “addiction” altogether and shift to a new word: “bonding.” Human beings need to bond. It is one of our most primal urges. So if we can’t bond with other people, we will find a behavior to bond with, whether it’s watching pornography or smoking crack or gambling. If the only bond you can find that gives you relief or meaning is with splayed women on a computer screen or bags of crystal or a roulette wheel, you will return to that bond obsessively.

Related Characters: Johann Hari (speaker), Bruce Alexander
Page Number: 175
Explanation and Analysis:

Almost all the funding for research into illegal drugs is provided by governments waging the drug war—and they only commission research that reinforces the ideas we already have about drugs. All these different theories, with their radical implications—why would governments want to fund those?
[…] [Eric Sterling] told me that if any government-funded scientist ever produced research suggesting anything beyond the conventional drugs-hijack-brains theory, […] the head of NIDA would be called before a congressional committee and asked if she had gone mad. She might be fired. She would certainly be stopped. All the people conducting the science for NIDA—and remember, that’s 90 percent of research on the globe into illegal drugs—know this.

So they steer away from all this evidence and look only at the chemical effects of the drugs themselves. That’s not fake—but it’s only a small part of the picture.

Related Characters: Johann Hari (speaker), Carl Hart (speaker), Bruce Alexander , Harry Anslinger , Robert DuPont , Gabor Maté
Page Number: 179
Explanation and Analysis:
Chapter 14 Quotes

“To see people’s faces and how they changed—they saw, I have worth, I have value. I’m able to help somebody else. I’m no longer just what they call me in the newspapers. […] If we’re off demonstrating, we’re having board meetings deciding what to do, and thinking about what our next actions could be, how is so and so doing, how can we help so and so because he got busted again—all that’s taking you away from just being totally fixed on ‘I got to get a drug, I got to get a drug, drug drug drug.’”

Related Characters: Bud Osborn (speaker), Bruce Alexander
Related Symbols: Screaming
Page Number: 199
Explanation and Analysis:
Get the entire Chasing the Scream LitChart as a printable PDF.
Chasing the Scream PDF

Bruce Alexander Quotes in Chasing the Scream

The Chasing the Scream quotes below are all either spoken by Bruce Alexander or refer to Bruce Alexander . For each quote, you can also see the other characters and themes related to it (each theme is indicated by its own dot and icon, like this one:
Drug Legalization and U.S. Policy Theme Icon
).
Chapter 13 Quotes

If your environment is like Rat Park—a safe, happy community with lots of healthy bonds and pleasurable things to do—you will not be especially vulnerable to addiction. If your environment is like the rat cages—where you feel alone, powerless and purposeless—you will be.

Related Characters: Johann Hari (speaker), Bruce Alexander , Gabor Maté
Page Number: 174
Explanation and Analysis:

Professor Peter Cohen, a friend of Bruce’s, writes that we should stop using the word “addiction” altogether and shift to a new word: “bonding.” Human beings need to bond. It is one of our most primal urges. So if we can’t bond with other people, we will find a behavior to bond with, whether it’s watching pornography or smoking crack or gambling. If the only bond you can find that gives you relief or meaning is with splayed women on a computer screen or bags of crystal or a roulette wheel, you will return to that bond obsessively.

Related Characters: Johann Hari (speaker), Bruce Alexander
Page Number: 175
Explanation and Analysis:

Almost all the funding for research into illegal drugs is provided by governments waging the drug war—and they only commission research that reinforces the ideas we already have about drugs. All these different theories, with their radical implications—why would governments want to fund those?
[…] [Eric Sterling] told me that if any government-funded scientist ever produced research suggesting anything beyond the conventional drugs-hijack-brains theory, […] the head of NIDA would be called before a congressional committee and asked if she had gone mad. She might be fired. She would certainly be stopped. All the people conducting the science for NIDA—and remember, that’s 90 percent of research on the globe into illegal drugs—know this.

So they steer away from all this evidence and look only at the chemical effects of the drugs themselves. That’s not fake—but it’s only a small part of the picture.

Related Characters: Johann Hari (speaker), Carl Hart (speaker), Bruce Alexander , Harry Anslinger , Robert DuPont , Gabor Maté
Page Number: 179
Explanation and Analysis:
Chapter 14 Quotes

“To see people’s faces and how they changed—they saw, I have worth, I have value. I’m able to help somebody else. I’m no longer just what they call me in the newspapers. […] If we’re off demonstrating, we’re having board meetings deciding what to do, and thinking about what our next actions could be, how is so and so doing, how can we help so and so because he got busted again—all that’s taking you away from just being totally fixed on ‘I got to get a drug, I got to get a drug, drug drug drug.’”

Related Characters: Bud Osborn (speaker), Bruce Alexander
Related Symbols: Screaming
Page Number: 199
Explanation and Analysis: