The Beekeeper of Aleppo

by

Christy Lefteri

The Beekeeper of Aleppo: Chapter 2  Summary & Analysis

Summary
Analysis
In the present, Nuri and Afra meet with the social worker, Lucy Fisher, who will help them claim asylum in the United Kingdom. She is impressed by Nuri’s English and asks about their accommodations at the bed and breakfast. She tells them that they will be interviewed by an immigration officer and that Afra can see a doctor once her papers are processed. Nuri is struck by the phrase “unable to live safely in any part of your own country” in the packet of papers she gives him, and he asks her if she plans to send them back to a different part of Syria.
In this scene, Lucy Fisher represents the bureaucratic institutions in charge of determining Nuri and Afra’s fate. Her assistance is formal and practical, indicating that she is proficient at her job but also suggesting that she views Nuri and Afra as responsibilities. The phrase in the paperwork that strikes Nuri so strongly seems to minimize the difficulty of their journey to the UK, as if that journey was made on a whim. Though unsaid, the papers heavily imply that the government would prefer they remain in their own country.
Themes
Home, Displacement, and the Refugee Experience Theme Icon
The Trauma of War Theme Icon
Dehumanization vs. Connection Theme Icon
Lucy Fisher implores Nuri and Afra to “get your story straight,” that simplicity and coherence will be essential in their immigration interview. Still confused about where he and Afra will be sent if this falls through, Nuri’s hands shake and his vision blurs. The social worker brings him a glass of water and tells him that she is not the enemy. Nuri simultaneously senses her frustration and feels unseen by her. He wishes he knew who his enemy is.
The exhortation to get their story straight not only suggests that Nuri and Afra are exaggerating the severity of their situation but also demonstrates the cold indifference with which the government views refugees. Nuri and Afra cannot count on people to see their obvious need—they must perform it convincingly. Nuri’s physical symptoms indicate he is experiencing some kind of trauma response brought about by extreme stress and uncertainty. Although Lucy Fisher reassures Nuri that she is there to help him, her empathy clearly has limits.
Themes
Home, Displacement, and the Refugee Experience Theme Icon
The Trauma of War Theme Icon
Dehumanization vs. Connection Theme Icon
Later, Nuri sits in the concrete courtyard of the bed and breakfast, thinking of his bees. He hears a buzz and discovers a bumblebee with no wings. Taking the bee inside, he lets her sleep in his palm while the other residents take tea. Nuri tells the Moroccan man there is not much he can do to help the flightless bee, who has been banished from her colony. He speculates that the rain keeps the bees away, but the Moroccan man suggests that English bees are different. Nuri leaves the bee on a plant in the courtyard.
Throughout the narrative, the flightless bee comes to represent Nuri’s own feelings of displacement. Although bees also represent hope, this exiled bee illustrates Nuri’s banishment from his home and the ways he is ill-equipped to survive outside of it. Following the scene with Lucy Fisher, it seems to Nuri there is as little help for him and Afra as there is for this bee. The Moroccan man’s comments suggest a sliver of hope for adaptation, but such hope is not yet realized. 
Themes
Home, Displacement, and the Refugee Experience Theme Icon
Hope vs. Delusion Theme Icon
Nuri uses the computer in the living room to check for messages from Mustafa. Mustafa left Syria before Nuri and Afra and is waiting for them in the north of England. He is the reason Nuri came all this way, but Nuri is afraid to face his cousin as broken as he is. After the room empties out, a sensor light illuminates the garden. Nuri sees the shadow of a young boy and investigates. It is Mohammed, whose identity and presence remain unexplained; the boy greets him as “Uncle Nuri.” Mohammed tells him to look through the fence at the green garden. The boy smells of lemons thanks to the blossom cupped in his palm, which triggers another flashback.
Nuri is aware the trauma he endured has changed him as a person, and he fears how he will relate to Mustafa now that he has changed. This, in turn, stops him from reaching out. As the narrative progresses, it becomes clear that Nuri’s self-awareness has its limits, as the full scope of his trauma is difficult to acknowledge. With the appearance of Mohammed in the courtyard, the story’s atmosphere becomes somewhat surreal for the first time, as if Nuri is dreaming. The unexplained nature of Mohammed’s presence and the mystery surrounding his identity are once again avoided as Nuri flashes back to Aleppo.
Themes
Grief, Memory, and Coping Mechanisms Theme Icon
Hope vs. Delusion Theme Icon
The Trauma of War Theme Icon
Dehumanization vs. Connection Theme Icon
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In the flashback, Nuri visits Mustafa’s house in Aleppo only to find him gone. Mustafa left behind a photo of the two of them with the apiaries and a letter explaining his sudden departure. He came upon a group of soldiers executing boys near the river and heard one of the boys calling for his father. Haunted by the memory of his own son, Mustafa shot three of the soldiers with a rifle he found but left one alive. Believing the military will find him, Mustafa decided to finally leave Aleppo, and he pleads in his letter for Nuri to convince Afra to do the same soon.
Mustafa’s departure is a traumatic event for Nuri, who feels as though he has lost a brother. The reasons behind that departure give deeper context to the danger Syrian civilians face as the war continues to escalate. It is unsurprising that the scene Mustafa comes upon triggers his memory of Firas’s death, and his shooting of the soldiers highlights the way experiencing violence and dehumanization makes it easier to do the same to others.
Themes
Grief, Memory, and Coping Mechanisms Theme Icon
The Trauma of War Theme Icon
Dehumanization vs. Connection Theme Icon
Afra, now blind and childless (the details of Sami’s fate are being withheld), still refuses to leave Aleppo. Each day, Nuri goes into the city and brings back a gift for her—often broken and discarded things—trying to elicit any reaction. One day, he brings her a pomegranate. When he returns, Afra insists he tell her what he saw, so he describes the bombed buildings and the rotting fruit at the grocery store. Even the pomegranate—a fruit she loves—does not reach Afra. She can tell that Nuri watched someone die today, and she demands that he tell her about it.
Since these flashbacks are told from Nuri’s perspective, the omission of Sami’s fate shows that he is unwilling to think about his son in depth, likely because of intense grief. Afra displays this grief in more concrete ways by refusing to leave Aleppo and rebuffing Nuri’s attempts to reach her emotionally. The distance between them is fraught with unspecified tension, and the reader is left guessing.
Themes
Grief, Memory, and Coping Mechanisms Theme Icon
The Trauma of War Theme Icon
Dehumanization vs. Connection Theme Icon
Reluctantly, Nuri tells Afra that he saw two soldiers using an eight-year-old boy playing alone for target practice, taking bets. Afra asks what the boy was wearing and other details, “keeping him alive” as long as possible in her mind’s eye. Nuri tells her the soldiers shot the boy and continued to fire while his mother screamed from the house. Afra holds Nuri while he weeps. They argue in bed about leaving Aleppo. Afra refuses and does not contradict Nuri when he says she is waiting for a bomb to hit them. She does not want to leave Sami, even though they both know he is already gone (the narrative has not yet shed light on what, exactly, happened to him).
Nuri is torn between wanting to protect Afra from the horror he witnessed and his desire to convince her to leave Aleppo. Afra’s demanding details about the boy in order to prolong his death show her protective maternal instincts even as she grieves the loss of her own son. In delaying the inevitable—Nuri describing the boy being shot—Afra also engages with the delusional hope that the boy’s fate can be prevented. Despite the intentional lack of clarity surrounding Sami, the fact that Afra would rather die than leave her home (home being where Sami is, ostensibly) conveys the depth of her grief.
Themes
Home, Displacement, and the Refugee Experience Theme Icon
Grief, Memory, and Coping Mechanisms Theme Icon
Hope vs. Delusion Theme Icon
The Trauma of War Theme Icon
The next day, Nuri goes out and is overwhelmed by the city’s devastation. He breathes in the smell of a rosebush and pretends he cannot see all the things he has seen. At a checkpoint, he encounters two soldiers who try to force a gun into his hands. Nuri pleads, saying he will join them but needs a few days to take care of his sick wife. The soldiers tell him that he will either join their ranks the next time they see him, or else they will kill him. Nuri returns home and tries again to reason with Afra, but she shuts down. Nuri thinks of the way bees give one another directions and wishes he had someone to guide him.
Nuri’s desire to avoid seeing the destruction that surrounds him develops the idea that blindness is symbolic of willful ignorance or delusion. His interaction with the soldiers increases the pressure to flee Syria, consequently widening the distance between him and Afra. The lack of community to help Nuri choose a course of action highlights the stressful and isolating decisions necessitated by war.
Themes
Home, Displacement, and the Refugee Experience Theme Icon
Hope vs. Delusion Theme Icon
The Trauma of War Theme Icon
Nuri and Afra wake to the sound of men approaching their house. They take shelter in a hideout Nuri dug in the garden, holding each other close in the subterranean space. Nuri remembers Afra walking with Sami wearing bright colors, looking at him over her shoulder, but the image fades. With Afra asleep against him, Nuri considers ending her misery and breaking her neck. She wakes when the men’s footsteps are close and asks Nuri if they will be killed. Nuri thinks of covering her mouth, not trusting her not to call out. When she lets out her breath after the soldiers retreat, he realizes she still has a will to live.
Knowing that Nuri and Afra eventually make it to England does little to defuse the tension of this scene. That Nuri considers breaking Afra’s neck as a form of mercy illustrates how despairing their situation is, especially in contrast to happier memories. Though he knows that Afra might choose to call out to the men and ensure their death, Nuri does nothing to stop her. Leaving the choice to live or die up to Afra shows Nuri is loyal to his wife even in her most self-destructive moments, and perhaps he understands her grief more than he will admit. Indeed, realizing she still desires life seems to surprise both of them.
Themes
Grief, Memory, and Coping Mechanisms Theme Icon
The Trauma of War Theme Icon
Quotes
When morning comes, Nuri and Afra emerge from their hiding place to find their home ransacked and graffitied. Seeing it, Nuri wishes he was blind too. The soldiers have found all of Sami’s old toys, and they are strewn across the floor. Nuri tells Afra he is leaving whether or not she comes with him and begins to pack. He finds her sitting with a Lego house Sami built when they told him they would move to England. Sami said “the houses won’t break like these do,” and Nuri wasn’t sure whether he meant Lego houses or Syrian houses. At last, Afra asks Nuri to take her away from this place, her eyes moving around the room “as if she could see it all.”
Again, Nuri’s wish for blindness is a wish to turn away from the unspeakable trauma of seeing his home destroyed. Sami’s remark about houses that will not break “like these do” echoes through time, illustrating the damage of growing up in a world where home does not feel safe. His words will reappear throughout the narrative, reminding Nuri of his son’s hollow hope and lost innocence. Though she cannot see what has been done to her home, Afra’s broken resolve reaffirms her desire to live and indicates some progress toward accepting what has been lost.
Themes
Home, Displacement, and the Refugee Experience Theme Icon
Grief, Memory, and Coping Mechanisms Theme Icon
Hope vs. Delusion Theme Icon
The Trauma of War Theme Icon
Quotes