The Beekeeper of Aleppo

by

Christy Lefteri

Themes and Colors
Home, Displacement, and the Refugee Experience Theme Icon
Grief, Memory, and Coping Mechanisms Theme Icon
Hope vs. Delusion Theme Icon
The Trauma of War Theme Icon
Dehumanization vs. Connection Theme Icon
LitCharts assigns a color and icon to each theme in The Beekeeper of Aleppo, which you can use to track the themes throughout the work.
Hope vs. Delusion Theme Icon

The novel presents hope as something capable of motivating people to keep moving through otherwise horrific circumstances. Without the hope of finding Mustafa and some level of physical security, Nuri and Afra’s journey would surely have stalled before they reached the UK. Despite this, hope in the novel is often discussed alongside delusion or is compared to fantasy and fairytales. At times, the novel presents hope as the thing most necessary to surviving the trauma of displacement. At others, it comes close to dismissing hope as something that is out of touch with reality. This tension persists throughout the novel.

No character walks the tightrope between hope and delusion more consistently than Afra. In early flashbacks, Nuri describes his family’s willful denial of the signs that things in Aleppo are getting worse. Even as they are fleeing the city, Afra talks about returning to the market in spring, not knowing they’re right next to a dead man when she says this. At times, Afra’s blindness is used to illustrate a certain unwillingness to see things as they are; at others, though, her blindness seems to enable her to help others imagine a better world than the one they see. In later chapters, Afra’s literal blindness is juxtaposed with Nuri’s figurative blindness—his dismissal of his own deteriorating mental health and his long-term hallucinations of Mohammed. Though blind in different ways, Nuri and Afra both fluctuate between hope and delusion, often blurring the lines between the two.

The novel also makes numerous allusions to children’s stories and fairytales and the way they relate to hope. Nuri remembers his mother reading Arabian Nights, a story about stories that are told with the intention of delaying certain doom. At the climax, he remembers the key he gave to Sami to a secret unbreakable house that would keep him safe—a story that was necessary if untrue. Even in the end, the hope Mustafa brings Nuri for a new life tending bees feels somewhat desperate, as if he is insisting “this is how the story must end” without any assurance that it will actually be so. By aligning ideas of hope with episodes of delusion, then, the novel suggests that, in times of great trauma and horror, the two can look very similar.

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Hope vs. Delusion ThemeTracker

The ThemeTracker below shows where, and to what degree, the theme of Hope vs. Delusion appears in each chapter of The Beekeeper of Aleppo. Click or tap on any chapter to read its Summary & Analysis.
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Hope vs. Delusion Quotes in The Beekeeper of Aleppo

Below you will find the important quotes in The Beekeeper of Aleppo related to the theme of Hope vs. Delusion.
Chapter 1 Quotes

The bees were an ideal society, a small paradise among chaos.

Related Characters: Nuri (speaker)
Related Symbols: Bees
Page Number: 10
Explanation and Analysis:

And for a while on those evenings […] we were still happy. Life was close enough to normal for us to forget our doubts, or at least to keep them locked away somewhere in the dark recesses of our minds while we made plans for the future.

Related Characters: Nuri (speaker), Afra, Mustafa, Dahab, Firas, Aya
Page Number: 17
Explanation and Analysis:
Chapter 2  Quotes

“There’ll be no bombs there,” he’d said, “and the houses won’t break like these do.” I wasn’t sure if he’d meant the Lego houses or the real houses, and then it saddened me when I realized that Sami had been born into a world where everything could break. Real houses crumbled, fell apart. Nothing was solid in Sami’s world. And yet somehow he was trying to imagine a place where buildings didn’t fall down around him.

Related Characters: Nuri (speaker), Sami (speaker), Sami
Page Number: 48
Explanation and Analysis:
Chapter 3 Quotes

Afra was talking about Aleppo like it was a magical land out of a story. It was like she’d forgotten everything else, the years leading up to the war, the riots, the dust storms, the droughts, the way we had struggled even then, even before the bombs, to stay alive.

Related Characters: Nuri (speaker), Afra
Page Number: 59
Explanation and Analysis:
Chapter 4 Quotes

People are not like bees. We do not work together, we have no real sense of a greater good—I’ve come to realize this now.

Related Characters: Mustafa (speaker), Nuri
Related Symbols: Bees
Page Number: 85
Explanation and Analysis:
Chapter 8  Quotes

“It’s so beautiful.”

For some reason, when I said this, she stopped drawing, so that the right side of the picture was left without color. Strangely this reminded me of the white crumbling streets once the war came. The way the color was washed out of everything. The way the flowers died. She handed it to me.

“It’s not finished,” I said.

“It is.”

Related Characters: Nuri (speaker), Afra (speaker), Afra
Page Number: 179
Explanation and Analysis:
Chapter 9  Quotes

“[Odysseus] went from Ithaca to Calypso to god knows where—all of this journey, to find what?”

There was an intensity to her—the way she leaned into me, the way she pushed my leg if I took my eyes off her.

“I don’t know,” I said to her.

“To find his home again,” she said.

Related Characters: Nuri (speaker), Angeliki (speaker)
Page Number: 188-189
Explanation and Analysis:
Chapter 10  Quotes

“[…]sometimes our bodies can find ways to cope when we are faced with things that are too much for us to bear. You saw your son die, Mrs. Ibrahim, and maybe something in you had to shut down.”

Related Characters: Dr. Faruk (speaker), Afra, Sami, Mohammed
Page Number: 210
Explanation and Analysis:

Where was home now? And what was it? In my mind it had become a picture infused with golden light, a paradise never to be reached.

Related Characters: Nuri (speaker)
Page Number: 222
Explanation and Analysis:
Chapter 11  Quotes

“How did it go?” she asks.

I don’t reply. I cannot speak.

“Please,” she says, “don’t lose hope. That’s the thing.” There is a tone of resignation in her voice, and she is pulling at the strand of hair. “This is what I always tell people, you see. Never, never, never lose hope.”

Related Characters: Lucy Fisher (speaker), Nuri
Page Number: 238
Explanation and Analysis:
Chapter 12  Quotes

“You are lost in the darkness, Nuri,” she says. “It is a fact. You’ve gotten completely lost somewhere in the dark.”

I look at her eyes, so full of fear and questions and longing, and I had thought it was she who was lost, that Afra was the one stuck in the dark places of her mind. But I can see how present she is, how much she is trying to reach me.

Related Characters: Nuri (speaker), Afra (speaker)
Related Symbols: Blindness
Page Number: 264-265
Explanation and Analysis:
Chapter 13  Quotes

“You’re lost in a different world. You’re not here at all. I don’t know you anymore.”

I don’t say anything.

“Close your eyes,” she says.

So I close my eyes.

“Can you see the bees, Nuri? Try to see them in your mind. Hundreds and thousands of them in the sunlight, on the flowers, the hives, and the honeycomb. Can you see it?”

[…]

I don’t reply.

“You think it’s me who can’t see,” she says.

Related Characters: Nuri (speaker), Afra (speaker)
Related Symbols: Bees, Blindness
Page Number: 285-286
Explanation and Analysis:

“I’m building a house!” he says. “When we go to England we will live in this house. This house won’t break like these do.”

I remember now. I remember him lying in bed, afraid of the bombs, and how I had given him an old bronze key that once opened a shed at the apiaries. I had tucked it beneath his pillow so that he could feel that somewhere in all the ruins there was a place where he could be safe.

Related Characters: Nuri (speaker), Sami (speaker)
Related Symbols: Keys
Page Number: 289
Explanation and Analysis:
Chapter 14 Quotes

He speaks with the enthusiasm of a child again, but can detect an undertone of desperation. I know him, and what he is really saying is this: this is how the story must end; our hearts can bear no more loss.

[…]

He wants to give me something to hope for, I can tell. Mustafa has always given me something to hope for.

Related Characters: Nuri (speaker), Mustafa
Related Symbols: Bees
Page Number: 305-306
Explanation and Analysis: