The Beekeeper of Aleppo

by

Christy Lefteri

Themes and Colors
Home, Displacement, and the Refugee Experience Theme Icon
Grief, Memory, and Coping Mechanisms Theme Icon
Hope vs. Delusion Theme Icon
The Trauma of War Theme Icon
Dehumanization vs. Connection Theme Icon
LitCharts assigns a color and icon to each theme in The Beekeeper of Aleppo, which you can use to track the themes throughout the work.
Grief, Memory, and Coping Mechanisms Theme Icon

As a refugee narrative, The Beekeeper of Aleppo features many characters who have experienced extreme loss and grief. Both Nuri and Mustafa have lost their sons, their homes, and their livelihoods to political violence. Because of these losses, even the happiest memories become tainted and painful. When Nuri thinks back to the time before the war, for instance, the knowledge of all the sorrow to come casts a shadow over the joy he remembers. Blind since Sami’s death, Afra’s grief is particularly intense because all her visual memories reside in the past, which has been lost. In a sense, she is trapped in those memories, unable to experience the present moment like she used to because of her lack of sight. The novel’s structure also mimics the characters’ overpowering experiences of memory and grief, as the narrative constantly slips from the present into retrospective flashbacks.

The novel also explores the ways in which the human mind is capable of inadvertently altering its perception of reality to protect itself from extreme grief and trauma. Afra’s doctor believes that her blindness is a reaction to the trauma of witnessing her son’s death—in this instance, her body’s way of coping with such an unbearable sight is to stop seeing altogether. Similarly, for most of his journey to England, Nuri refuses to think of his deceased son, Sami. Instead, he becomes preoccupied with the care and fate of a young boy named Mohammed, whom he meets in Istanbul. Mohammed is very similar to Sami, and for much of the narrative it seems that Nuri’s concern for the boy serves as a substitute for the relationship he lost with Sami. Later, it is revealed that Mohammed never actually existed outside of Nuri’s imagination, implying that Nuri’s subconscious invented the boy as a way to insulate him against the loss of his real son. That the narrative ends soon after Nuri realizes the truth about Mohammed (and thus, in a way, achieves some emotional closure) suggests that his journey through overwhelming grief has been just as profound and difficult as his journey across continents. 

Related Themes from Other Texts
Compare and contrast themes from other texts to this theme…

Grief, Memory, and Coping Mechanisms ThemeTracker

The ThemeTracker below shows where, and to what degree, the theme of Grief, Memory, and Coping Mechanisms appears in each chapter of The Beekeeper of Aleppo. Click or tap on any chapter to read its Summary & Analysis.
How often theme appears:
chapter length:
Get the entire The Beekeeper of Aleppo LitChart as a printable PDF.
The Beekeeper of Aleppo PDF

Grief, Memory, and Coping Mechanisms Quotes in The Beekeeper of Aleppo

Below you will find the important quotes in The Beekeeper of Aleppo related to the theme of Grief, Memory, and Coping Mechanisms.
Chapter 1 Quotes

I am scared of my wife’s eyes. She can’t see out and no one can see in. Look, they are like stones, gray stones, sea stones. […] Look at the folds of her stomach, the color of desert honey, darker in the creases, and the fine, fine silver lines on the skin of her breasts, and the tips of her fingers with the tiny cuts, where the ridges and valley patterns were once stained with blue or yellow or red paint. Her laughter was gold once, you would have seen as well as heard it. Look at her, because I think she is disappearing.

Related Characters: Nuri (speaker), Afra
Related Symbols: Blindness
Page Number: 3
Explanation and Analysis:

The bees were an ideal society, a small paradise among chaos.

Related Characters: Nuri (speaker)
Related Symbols: Bees
Page Number: 10
Explanation and Analysis:

And for a while on those evenings […] we were still happy. Life was close enough to normal for us to forget our doubts, or at least to keep them locked away somewhere in the dark recesses of our minds while we made plans for the future.

Related Characters: Nuri (speaker), Afra, Mustafa, Dahab, Firas, Aya
Page Number: 17
Explanation and Analysis:
Chapter 2  Quotes

“We have to go, Afra,” I said.

“I’ve already told you. No.”

“If we stay—”

“If we stay, we’ll die,” she said.

“Exactly.”

“Exactly.” Her eyes were open and blank now.

“You’re waiting for a bomb to hit us. If you want it to happen, it will never happen.”

“Then I’ll stop waiting. I won’t leave him.”

Related Characters: Nuri (speaker), Afra (speaker), Sami
Related Symbols: Blindness
Page Number: 40
Explanation and Analysis:

“There’ll be no bombs there,” he’d said, “and the houses won’t break like these do.” I wasn’t sure if he’d meant the Lego houses or the real houses, and then it saddened me when I realized that Sami had been born into a world where everything could break. Real houses crumbled, fell apart. Nothing was solid in Sami’s world. And yet somehow he was trying to imagine a place where buildings didn’t fall down around him.

Related Characters: Nuri (speaker), Sami (speaker), Sami
Page Number: 48
Explanation and Analysis:
Chapter 3 Quotes

Afra was talking about Aleppo like it was a magical land out of a story. It was like she’d forgotten everything else, the years leading up to the war, the riots, the dust storms, the droughts, the way we had struggled even then, even before the bombs, to stay alive.

Related Characters: Nuri (speaker), Afra
Page Number: 59
Explanation and Analysis:
Chapter 6  Quotes

But I don’t like their queues, their order, their neat little gardens and neat little porches and their bay windows that glow at night with the flickering of their TVs. It all reminds me that these people have never seen war. It reminds me that back home there is no one watching TV in their living room or on their veranda, and it makes me think of everything that’s been destroyed.

Related Characters: Nuri (speaker)
Page Number: 113
Explanation and Analysis:
Chapter 7  Quotes

I catch sight of my face in the mirror above the sink, and I pause with my hands by my ears. I look so different now, but I can’t quite put my finger on how. Yes, there are deep lines that were not there before, and even my eyes seem to have changed—they are darker and wider, always on the alert, like Mohammed’s eyes, but it’s not that; something else has changed, something unfathomable.

Related Characters: Nuri (speaker), Mohammed
Page Number: 124
Explanation and Analysis:
Chapter 8  Quotes

I put the key in the lock, turn it, and open the door. An intense light dazzles me, and when my eyes adjust I see that I am high up on the top of a hill, looking down over Aleppo. There is a full moon, close to the horizon, full of the colors of the desert. A blood moon.

Related Characters: Nuri (speaker), Mohammed
Related Symbols: Keys
Page Number: 164
Explanation and Analysis:

“It’s so beautiful.”

For some reason, when I said this, she stopped drawing, so that the right side of the picture was left without color. Strangely this reminded me of the white crumbling streets once the war came. The way the color was washed out of everything. The way the flowers died. She handed it to me.

“It’s not finished,” I said.

“It is.”

Related Characters: Nuri (speaker), Afra (speaker), Afra
Page Number: 179
Explanation and Analysis:
Chapter 9  Quotes

But in the days and weeks that followed I saw him become smaller, and less urgent, less purposeful in his actions, as he cut or sewed or measured. As if he had lost the fire that had driven him. And I thought in that moment, lying there looking up at the Athenian sky, that if I had sacrificed my father’s happiness to become a beekeeper, then I had to find a way to make it to Mustafa.

Related Characters: Nuri (speaker), Mustafa, Nuri’s Father
Related Symbols: Bees
Page Number: 203
Explanation and Analysis:
Chapter 10  Quotes

“[…]sometimes our bodies can find ways to cope when we are faced with things that are too much for us to bear. You saw your son die, Mrs. Ibrahim, and maybe something in you had to shut down.”

Related Characters: Dr. Faruk (speaker), Afra, Sami, Mohammed
Page Number: 210
Explanation and Analysis:

Where was home now? And what was it? In my mind it had become a picture infused with golden light, a paradise never to be reached.

Related Characters: Nuri (speaker)
Page Number: 222
Explanation and Analysis:
Chapter 12  Quotes

“You are lost in the darkness, Nuri,” she says. “It is a fact. You’ve gotten completely lost somewhere in the dark.”

I look at her eyes, so full of fear and questions and longing, and I had thought it was she who was lost, that Afra was the one stuck in the dark places of her mind. But I can see how present she is, how much she is trying to reach me.

Related Characters: Nuri (speaker), Afra (speaker)
Related Symbols: Blindness
Page Number: 264-265
Explanation and Analysis:
Chapter 13  Quotes

“You’re lost in a different world. You’re not here at all. I don’t know you anymore.”

I don’t say anything.

“Close your eyes,” she says.

So I close my eyes.

“Can you see the bees, Nuri? Try to see them in your mind. Hundreds and thousands of them in the sunlight, on the flowers, the hives, and the honeycomb. Can you see it?”

[…]

I don’t reply.

“You think it’s me who can’t see,” she says.

Related Characters: Nuri (speaker), Afra (speaker)
Related Symbols: Bees, Blindness
Page Number: 285-286
Explanation and Analysis:

“I’m building a house!” he says. “When we go to England we will live in this house. This house won’t break like these do.”

I remember now. I remember him lying in bed, afraid of the bombs, and how I had given him an old bronze key that once opened a shed at the apiaries. I had tucked it beneath his pillow so that he could feel that somewhere in all the ruins there was a place where he could be safe.

Related Characters: Nuri (speaker), Sami (speaker)
Related Symbols: Keys
Page Number: 289
Explanation and Analysis:
Chapter 14 Quotes

He speaks with the enthusiasm of a child again, but can detect an undertone of desperation. I know him, and what he is really saying is this: this is how the story must end; our hearts can bear no more loss.

[…]

He wants to give me something to hope for, I can tell. Mustafa has always given me something to hope for.

Related Characters: Nuri (speaker), Mustafa
Related Symbols: Bees
Page Number: 305-306
Explanation and Analysis: