Borderlands / La Frontera

by

Gloria Anzaldúa

Borderlands / La Frontera: Part 2, Section 5: Animas Summary & Analysis

Summary
Analysis
Anzaldúa quotes the corrido “Por una mujer ladina,” in which a man sings of losing his peace of mind over a mestiza woman who pricked him with a thorn he can’t get out.
If the previous section focused on developing a connection with the self, this one focuses on reaching out to others and applying wisdom and skills from the Borderlands to heal the world at large.
Themes
Borders, Hybridity, and Identity Theme Icon
Chicana Feminism Theme Icon
Language, Storytelling, and Ritual Theme Icon
La curandera. The narrator of “La curandera” “became a healer” after her leg “turned white.” She sent her nephew to Juan Dávila, who went to Mexico to find a healer—but never returned. Her nephew followed Juan Dávila and discovered the healer was dead. Then, the nephew’s leg turned white, too, and he died. Dávila blamed the nephew, whom he thinks accepted and even wanted death. The Border Patrol wanted to bring the nephew’s body back across to the US, but Dávila wanted to bury him in Mexico because “under the ground it doesn’t matter / which side of the border you’re in.”
This poem may be loosely based on Anzaldúa’s life, as her mother’s family was named Dávila. The narrator’s disease of whiteness and quest to find a cure in Mexico represent an attempt to reconnect with her native culture. But instead of finding what she sought in Mexico, she realizes that her true home is the Borderlands itself: the border is an artificial imposition, so “it doesn’t matter / which side” she is on (or she buries her nephew on).
Themes
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History and the U.S.-Mexico Relationship Theme Icon
Language, Storytelling, and Ritual Theme Icon
Back in the US, Juan Dávila finds the narrator of “La curandera” dying, being consumed by maggots. He tries to bury her, but she disappears. A mysterious pain starts shooting through Dávila’s body, up to his heart. He blames his thoughts and tries to imagine the pain going away—but it comes back. He accepts that he will die and starts to pray. Then, the pain goes to where the narrator used to be, and the narrator rematerializes and thanks Dávila for his prayer. Dávila says he only prayed for himself, but the narrator says it was really for everyone. Dávila asks if the narrator wants to die; she says she wants to join the Virgin, whom Dávila says is already everywhere.
The narrator and Juan Dávila heal from their mysterious ailments by even more mysterious means. They get worse whenever they try to treat themselves and start to recover only when they accept that they do not understand the forces afflicting them. For instance, it is entirely unclear where the narrator goes or why she reappears when she does. Regardless, this process reflects Anzaldúa’s belief that true personal growth requires confronting and accepting the limits of our conscious understanding.
Themes
Borders, Hybridity, and Identity Theme Icon
The narrator of “La curandera” and Juan Dávila sleep in the same bed and wake up to find serpents all over the walls, floor, and windows. One offers to guide the narrator’s spirit and tells her to gather herbs. She and Dávila go to the fields and see a rosemary plant surrounded by weeds, which starts to grow. Eventually, it tells the weeds that they are beautiful, and they turn into grass. All sorts of herbs start to grow. The narrator becomes a curandera (healer) and Juan Dávila her apprentice.
By confronting their own mortality, Juan Dávila and the narrator have developed a special, almost supernatural power over life and death. Serpents once again mark a phase change from impotence to power, from being constrained by borders to being able to cross them and live a hybrid life that integrates multiple worlds and modes of being.
Themes
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Get the entire Borderlands / La Frontera LitChart as a printable PDF.
Borderlands / La Frontera PDF
mujer cacto. In Spanish, this poem describes the desert-woman (“la mujer del desierto”) scratching people with her thorns and long, sharp claws. She watches a wasp sting a tarantula, drag it into a hole, and lay an egg on top of it. The egg hatches, and the baby wasp eats the tarantula. This is a hostile land. The desert-woman buries herself in the sand like a rat, hides her head like a turtle, and digs up roots like a peccary (similar to a pig). She lives briefly, filling the desert with trees and flowers. Like a rattlesnake, she rests during the day and awakens at night to eat a bird’s nest, babies and all. She spits blood from her eyes like a lizard but runs away and turns into sand when danger approaches. She is like the wind, forming dunes and hills as it blows.
Grounded in the particular sights and landscapes of the Borderlands, this poem (“Cactus-Woman”) develops an extended metaphor for Chicana women’s unique combination of adaptability, self-reliance, and intense local knowledge. This is particularly tied to their Indigenous roots and identity, which many prefer to deny. Anzaldúa’s cactus-woman transcends the boundaries between culture and nature, human and animal, ephemeral and eternal—she finds belonging in a hostile landscape where little else can thrive, then disappears without leaving a trace. 
Themes
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Chicana Feminism Theme Icon
Quotes
Cuyamaca. Don Pedro Fages, an 18th-century Spanish governor of California, describes a tribe as the “most restless, stubborn, / haughty, warlike and hostile” of all the natives. The narrator drives through a canyon, sees land-for-sale signs, and notes that its original native inhabitants have been forced into ghettos and reservations. Houses dot the side of the mountain “like pimples.” Once, the narrator was sitting by a stream in this region when “a woman from a nearly extinct tribe” emerged from the bushes with yucca sandals and a cactus-prick tattoo. But now, the Cuyamaca Peaks are burning in a forest fire, the land parceled off and sold. And the woman is in a museum. 
Like “We Call Them Greasers,” this poem explores colonization from the perspective of its perpetrators and beneficiaries: the settlers who started the process of dispossession and the suburbanites who complete it today by turning sacred, stolen Indigenous land into subdivisions. The “woman from a nearly extinct tribe” forces the narrator to confront all that has been lost in the process—local knowledge, a unique culture, a sense of possibility. Anzaldúa asks whether Americans can truly respect and revive these traditions, or if they will forever be reduced to history in a museum.
Themes
History and the U.S.-Mexico Relationship Theme Icon
My Black Angelos. At night, the narrator hears a lost woman’s soul whimpering, wandering among the dead, crying out for her lost child and dead lover. The woman cries out—she is following the narrator, and soon she comes to the door. The woman touches the narrator with her “taloned hand” and starts putting ideas in the narrator’s head; she pulls food out of the narrator’s teeth, smoke from her lungs, and lice from her hair. She finally crawls under the narrator’s skin. They start to wander together at night, blowing with the wind and “roam[ing] with the souls of the dead.”
This poem plays on the imagery of La Llorona, the mythical woman who wanders the earth wailing over the children she has drowned. Her encounter with this poem’s narrator exemplifies Anzaldúa’s desire to reclaim her story for Indigenous tradition. Instead of representing women’s potential for madness and betrayal, Anzaldúa suggests, La Llorona should represent the tragedy of colonization and the connection between the living and the dead.
Themes
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History and the U.S.-Mexico Relationship Theme Icon
Chicana Feminism Theme Icon
Language, Storytelling, and Ritual Theme Icon
Creature of Darkness. Stuck in an “underplace” of grief for three weeks, this poem’s narrator now goes out only at night, to “stay small and still in the dark.” By letting her thoughts rupture her wounds, she “starts the healing.” Part of her enjoys the scabs, the pain, the blood, even as another part begs her to stop. Grief and yearning beckon from the shadows, asking her to become a “creature of darkness” like them. She tells her friends she is traveling, so they do not come rescue her from her grief. For these three weeks she fills the hole of her loss, becoming “fat” and “numb,” until she both fears and belongs in the darkness.
This poem once again describes a woman overcoming emotional paralysis by gradually descending into a Coatlicue state. Aware that it represents the start of a healing process, she grows comfortable with the pain and suffering involved in the Coatlicue state, and she starts to embrace the contradictions to which it exposes her: joy and anxiety, hope and grief, fear and belonging.
Themes
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Antigua, mi diosa. In this Spanish-language poem, blinded and barefoot in the vast, dark night, a woman tries to follow the path of an ancient goddess. The goddess visited her in Brooklyn, making a sound like a rattlesnake or downpour or million wings. The goddess cut the narrator down like an axe cutting a tree, consumed her by filling her body with her seeds of light (“tus semillas de luz”). That light has turned into anxiety and suffering. The woman cannot give herself back to the ancient goddess, but she is overwhelmed with desires that she feels only the goddess can satisfy. So she continues searching, looking for signs, dreaming of again getting inside the goddess’s black skin.
Based on Anzaldúa’s period of residence in Brooklyn, this poem describes her quest to form a personal connection to the Indigenous creator goddess Coatlicue/Tonantsi. Crucially, she can’t do this alone: her spiritual transformation isn’t just about a shift in mindset, but rather about forming a relationship with spiritual forces by making herself vulnerable to them. She becomes a vessel for divine energies, which build her strength and guide her towards liberation, but she cannot choose when, where, or how these energies take control of her.
Themes
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