LitCharts assigns a color and icon to each theme in Death Comes for the Archbishop, which you can use to track the themes throughout the work.
Spirituality vs. the Material World
Friendship and Compromise
Humanity’s Relationship with Nature
Colonialism, Industry, and Loss
Memory, Death, and Afterlives
Summary
Analysis
After lunch, Latour pretends to sleep. In reality, though, he is reflecting on his time with Vaillant; he recalls the way they escaped their parents to come to Ohio, modeling their own behavior after St. Francis Xavier. This betrayal had felt particularly hard for Vaillant, who hated to leave his widower father. The day before they left, Latour had calmed Vaillant—a gesture that Vaillant later credited as the sole reason he had been brave enough to come to America.
If legacy is determined by living on in others’ memory, then Latour’s care for Vaillant’s memory is also a great gift to his old friend. Though Vaillant’s adventurousness has often helped Latour, this flashback allows readers to see just how much Vaillant, too, grew from having a friend so unlike him.
Active
Themes
Though Latour was stronger and seemed smarter, Vaillant was a better missionary, much to everyone’s surprise. And while Latour often said, “that his diocese changed little except in boundaries,” Vaillant had been thrust into the center of industrial ambition, moving from one mining town to the next. More than that, Vaillant had also bought up lots of land for the church, forming a land company and getting caught up with dishonest brokers. When Vaillant, then first bishop of Colorado, was summoned to Rome, it was hard for him to explain his financial plans to the papal court.
While Latour let the world change around him, Vaillant traveled to meet the change, going to the new centers of innovation and industrial production. Machebeuf (the inspiration for Vaillant) really did have this kind of financial difficulty, though he also really did found 18 churches in Colorado; in reality as in the novel, the priest’s impulsivity both helped and harmed his cause.
Active
Themes
Quotes
As soon as Latour learned of Vaillant’s death, he had hopped on the first train to Denver. But though Latour attended the funeral, he still always pictured Vaillant as a young man, on the first day of their arrival to Santa Fé. The funeral was packed; one old priest had even left the hospital where he himself was dying in a mad rush, just to pay his respects to Vaillant. To onlookers, this commitment was “one more instance of the extraordinary personal devotion that Father Joseph had aroused and retained” in men of all races.
Though Vaillant’s funeral both foreshadows and, to some extent, mimics Latour’s later deathbed scene, the sheer scale speaks again to the two men’s differences. While Latour prioritizes quality of friendship over quantity, Vaillant is almost a celebrity, widely beloved and mourned by people all across the American Southwest.